Ukudala uhlelo lwesofthiwe yesimanje kuwumsebenzi onzima kakhulu: usayizi ojwayelekile wesofthiwe udlula amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabasebenzisi. Ukuze udale ngempumelelo imikhiqizo enjalo yesofthiwe, uchwepheshe kufanele abe nokuqonda izindlela zokuhlaziya, ukuklama, ukuqaliswa, nokuhlolwa kwezinhlelo zesofthiwe. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqonda izindlela ezikhona kanye nobuchwepheshe.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo yesofthiwe, njenganoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi, lwenziwa ngezigaba ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-block-hierarchical. Kusho ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo ezingxenyeni ezihlanganiswe ngokulandelayo. Esigabeni ngasinye, kwenziwa imisebenzi ethile yokuklama, ebhalwe ngokufanelekile. Ukulandelana kwezigaba kanye nemiphumela yazo kulandela imodeli yomjikelezo wempilo yesofthiwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isistimu esetshenzisiwe kufanele futhi ihambisane nezinhlobo ezahlukene zemibhalo yohlelo, isibonelo, incazelo, imanuwali yomhleli, imanuwali yomsebenzisi, imanuwali yomsebenzisi, njll. Ngakho, ikhono lokudala imibhalo yesofthiwe liyadingeka ngempela unjiniyela wesoftware. Ungakwazi Hamba Inkampani futhi uthole uchwepheshe ongcono kakhulu wokuthuthukisa isofthiwe ye-eLearning. Kodwa uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe mayelana nezinyathelo ezihilelekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe, khona-ke umhlahlandlela olandelayo uzosiza. Zama ukunikeza isikhathi esanele sokufunda izinto ezibalulekile mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe yezemfundo.
Yiziphi Izigaba Inqubo Yokuthuthukiswa Kwesofthiwe Ihlanganisa?
Inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe ye-e-learning ihlanganisa izenzo nemisebenzi eyenziwa umthuthukisi futhi ihlanganisa ukudalwa kwesofthiwe nezingxenye zayo ngokuhambisana nezidingo ezishiwo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imibhalo yokuklama nokusebenza, kanye nokulungiswa kwezinto ezidingekayo ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo yesofthiwe, izinto ezidingekayo zokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, njll. Ngokwezinga, inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe ihilela lezi zenzo ezilandelayo:
- Umsebenzi wokulungiselela - ukukhethwa kwemodeli yomjikelezo wokuphila, amazinga, izindlela zokuthuthukisa, namathuluzi, kanye nokudweba uhlelo kusebenza;
- Ukuhlaziywa kwezidingo zohlelo - ukunqunywa kokusebenza kwalo, izidingo zomsebenzisi, izimfuneko zokuthembeka nokuphepha, izidingo zokusebenzelana kwangaphandle, njll.;
- Idizayini yesakhiwo sesistimu - ukunqunywa kwemishini edingekayo, isoftware, kanye nemisebenzi eyenziwa ngabasebenzi besevisi;
- Ukuhlaziywa kwezidingo zesofthiwe - ukubhekana nokusebenza, okuhlanganisa izici zokusebenza, indawo ezungezile, ukuxhumana kwangaphandle, ukuthembeka kanye nokucaciswa kokuphepha, izidingo ze-ergonomic, izidingo zedatha, ukufakwa, ukwamukelwa, imibhalo yomsebenzisi, ukusebenza, nokusekelwa;
- Idizayini yezakhiwo zesoftware - echaza ukwakheka kwesoftware, ibhala phansi ukuxhumana kwezingxenye zayo, ukuthuthukisa inguqulo yokuqala yemibhalo yomsebenzisi, kanye nezidingo zokuhlolwa nohlelo lokuhlanganisa;
- Idizayini yesofthiwe enemininingwane - incazelo enemininingwane yezingxenye zesofthiwe nokusebenzelana phakathi kwazo, ukuvuselela imibhalo yabasebenzisi, ukuthuthukiswa nokubhala izidingo zokuhlolwa kanye nohlelo lokuhlola lwezingxenye zesofthiwe, kubuyekezwa uhlelo lokuhlanganisa ingxenye;
- Ukufakwa kwekhodi nokuhlola kwe-software - ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokushicilelwa kwengxenye ngayinye, kanye nesethi yezinqubo zokuhlola kanye nedatha yokuhlolwa kwazo, ukuvuselela imibhalo yabasebenzisi, nokubuyekeza uhlelo lokuhlanganisa isofthiwe;
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwesofthiwe - ukuhlanganisa izingxenye zesofthiwe ngokuhambisana nokuhlanganiswa kwesofthiwe kanye nohlelo lokuhlola ukuze kuthotshelwe izidingo zeziqu. Lezi isethi yemibandela noma imibandela okufanele kuhlangatshezwane nayo ukuze ufaneleke umkhiqizo wesofthiwe njengokuvumelana nencazelo yawo futhi olungele ukusetshenziswa ezimweni ezithile zokusebenza;
- Ukuhlolwa kokufaneleka kwesoftware – ukuhlolwa kwesoftware phambi kwekhasimende ukukhombisa ukuhambisana kwayo nezidingo kanye nokulungela ukusebenza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukulungela nokuphelela kwemibhalo yezobuchwepheshe yomsebenzisi nakho kuyahlolwa;
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwesistimu - ukuhlanganisa zonke izingxenye zesistimu, okuhlanganisa isofthiwe ne-hardware;
- Ukuhlolwa kokufaneleka kwesistimu - ukuhlola uhlelo ukuhambisana nezidingo, ukuhlola ukuklama nokuphelela kwemibhalo;
- Ukufakwa kwesofthiwe - ukufakwa kwesofthiwe emishinini yekhasimende kanye nokuqinisekiswa kokusebenza kwayo;
- Ukwamukelwa kwesofthiwe - ukuhlolwa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kweziqu zesofthiwe kanye nohlelo lulonke, ukudluliselwa kokugcina kwesofthiwe kukhasimende.
Amamodeli Ayisisekelo Omjikelezo Wempilo Yesofthiwe ku-E-learning Software Development Company
Umqondo womjikelezo wempilo yesofthiwe uvele lapho umphakathi ohlelayo ubona isidingo sokusuka ezindleleni zobuciko zokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe uye ekukhiqizeni kwezobuchwepheshe, nezimboni. Njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka ezimeni ezifanayo, abahleli bazama ukudlulisa ulwazi lweminye imikhiqizo yezimboni emkhakheni wabo. Ikakhulukazi, umqondo womjikelezo wokuphila waboleka.
Ochwepheshe abahamba phambili bezinkampani ezithuthukisa isofthiwe yezemfundo bayaqaphela ukuthi umjikelezo wempilo yesofthiwe yinkathi eqala kusukela ngesikhathi sokwenza isinqumo mayelana nesidingo sokudala umkhiqizo wesofthiwe futhi uphela ngesikhathi sokususwa kwawo ngokuphelele ekusebenzeni. Lo mjikelezo uyinqubo yokwakha nokuthuthukisa isofthiwe.
Umqondo womjikelezo wempilo uqhamuke ngaphansi kwethonya lesidingo sokuhlela umsebenzi enqubweni yokuthuthukiswa kwesoftware. I-Systemization kwakuyisiteji sokuqala endleleni eya ku-automation yenqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe. Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zokushintshela ku-automation yenqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe bezimi kanje:
- Ukusungula izindlela zobuchwepheshe zemisebenzi yabathuthukisi be-software;
- Ukunquma ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuzenzela kanye nokuhlonza izingozi;
- Ukuthuthukisa amathuluzi okuzenzakalela.
Ukusebenzisa umqondo womjikelezo wempilo kuvumela ukukhetha izindlela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu emisebenzini yesigaba esithile sempilo yesofthiwe. Ngokuya ngokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe nezici zezinqubo zokusekela, kunamamodeli ahlukene omjikelezo wempilo.
Impophoma Model
Imodeli ye-Waterfall yomjikelezo wokuphila yahlongozwa ngo-1970 ngu-V. Royce. Imodeli ye-Waterfall yomjikelezo wempilo yesofthiwe yavela ukuze ihlangabezane nesidingo sokuhlelwa komsebenzi ezigabeni zokuqala zokuthuthukiswa kohlelo. Ngokwale modeli, izinhlelo zesoftware zidlula izigaba ezimbili ekuthuthukisweni kwazo:
- Ukuthuthukiswa;
- Isondlo.
Izigaba zihlukaniswe izigaba eziningana. Imodeli ye-Waterfall ibandakanya ukuqaliswa okulandelanayo kwazo zonke izigaba zephrojekthi ngokulandelana okuqinile. Ukushintshela esigabeni esilandelayo kusho ukuqedwa okuphelele komsebenzi esigabeni esedlule.
Imodeli ye-Agile (I-Iterative ne-Incremental Development)
Imodeli ye-Agile ifaka phakathi ukuhlukanisa umjikelezo wempilo yephrojekthi ngokulandelana kokuphindaphinda, ngakunye okufana nephrojekthi encane enazo zonke izigaba zomjikelezo wempilo. Imodeli ye-Agile yakudala iqinisekisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ubuyele ezigabeni ezedlule. Lesi simo sibonisa isici esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe: isifiso sokulindela zonke izimo zokusetshenziswa kwesistimu kusengaphambili kanye nokungenzeki ezimweni eziningi ukufeza lokhu.
Zonke izindlela zokuhlela zendabuko zihlose kuphela ukunciphisa imbuyiselo. Kodwa ingqikithi ayishintshi kulokhu: lapho ubuya, kufanele njalo uphinda ukwakhiwa kwalokho okwakucatshangwa ukuthi usulungile.
Model Kuvunguza
Kumodeli ye-spiral, ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo kuthatha uhlobo lochungechunge lokuphindaphinda okulandelanayo. Ezigabeni zokuqala, ukucaciswa komkhiqizo kuyacaciswa, ezigabeni ezilandelayo, izici ezintsha nemisebenzi yengezwa. Ngokusho kwezinkampani zesoftware ye-eLearning, inhloso yale modeli ukuhlola kabusha ubungozi bokuqhubeka nomsebenzi ekupheleni kokuphindaphinda ngakunye.
Isiphetho
Inqubo yokuthuthukisa isofthiwe enkampanini yokuthuthukisa isofthiwe yezemfundo ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengomsebenzi ohlangene wochwepheshe ohloselwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabasebenzisi ekwenzeni imisebenzi yabo ngokuzenzakalelayo. Njenganoma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi ohlangene, udinga ukuhlela nokuphatha. Le nqubo ngezinye izikhathi iba yinde, ixhumanisa ngokukhiqiza nobunye ubudlelwano labo abangathathwa njengabakhiqizi bohlelo ezingeni elithile noma kwelinye.
