Ijubane nekhono lehhashi lokugijima kuncike ezintweni eziningi, futhi enye yazo iwufuzo. Emhlabeni wemijaho yamahhashi, izakhi zofuzo zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu, yingakho iningi lompetha bamahhashi noma amahhashi athola imiphumela emangalisayo abiza imali eshisiwe uma kuziwa ekuzaleni.
Umqondo uwukuthi ihhashi elikwazi ukugijima ngokushesha lingadlulisela izici zalo etholeni.
Kodwa-ke, njengoba siphila emhlabeni owenziwe ngedijithali oqhutshwa kakhulu ubuchwepheshe, ososayensi baye bacwaninga futhi benza ukuhlola okuningi kofuzo ukuze nje bakwazi ukuhlonza izakhi zofuzo ezinomthelela ekuphakameni kwezemidlalo.
Umbono wukuthi ososayensi sebengakwazi ukunjiniyela ihhashi lomjaho eliphakeme elinamandla okugijima ngokushesha njengeHhovisi likaNobhala. Ungavakashela iwebhusayithi ye-TwinSpires ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nawo wonke amahhashi aphula amarekhodi emlandweni: https://www.twinspires.com/200-signup.
Kodwa ingabe lokhu kuyiqiniso? Futhi ingabe ososayensi banganjiniyela ngempela ihhashi lomjaho elikhulu elilandelayo?
Ingabe Ososayensi Bangakwazi Ukuhlonza Izakhi Zofuzo Zezemidlalo?
Kuwo wonke umhlaba womjaho wamahhashi, ukuhlola izakhi zofuzo sekudume kakhulu. Ufuzo lwejubane manje lusenhliziyweni yezinqumo zika-Bolger lapho ehlala phansi ukuze ahlele ukuthi iyiphi inzalo yakhe ecishe ibe yi-100 azoganisa kuyo unyaka ngamunye, kanye nokuthi uzoqala nini ukuqeqesha izingane zakhe zonyaka ezithembisa kakhulu.
I-Bolger ibize ngokuthi into ebaluleke kakhulu eye yenzeka ukuzalanisa kusukela kwaqala eminyakeni engu-300 edlule.
Ngokusho kwakhe, kungenzeka ukudala ompetha abanemali eningi ngokuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezithile zofuzo ezivela ezinsikeni nezinsikazi. Inkampani yakhe idayisela abalimi abakanye nabaqeqeshi ukuhlolwa kofuzo lwejubane.
Kube yiphupho lososayensi bezemidlalo ukuhlonza izakhi zofuzo ezinomthelela omuhle kwezokusubatha kusukela i-genome yomuntu yaklanywa ngo-2000.
Emuva ngo-2004, ukuhlolwa kokuqala okuhloswe ukuhlola amandla okugijima kwethulwa e-Australia (kwafika e-United States ngo-2008), unyaka ngemva kokuba iqembu labacwaningi lishicilele ucwaningo oluxhumanisa isakhi sofuzo esisodwa nohlobo lwe-muscle fiber ekhiqiza iziqhumane. , ukuqhuma kwamandla esikhathi esifushane kwezemidlalo njenge-sprints kanye ne-powerlifting.
Uhulumeni wase-Uzbek umemezele ngoJanuwari ukuthi kuzosetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kofuzo ukuhlola ama-Olympians akusasa.
Izazi zofuzo ebezilokhu zihlaziya izakhi zofuzo yabasubathi abahamba phambili besizwe iminyaka emibili izokwengamela ukuhlolwa kwezingane ezineminyaka engu-10. Umbiko ochaza ngezakhi zofuzo ezingu-50 uzoba yisisekelo sokuthungatha kwabo amakhono.
Ukuguqulwa KweDNA Emjahweni Wamahhashi
Uhlobo olusha lwamahhashi aphakeme ngokomzimba ludalwe ngokushintsha ukulandelana kofuzo kumahhashi ahlanganisiwe e-Argentina. Kanye nokukwazi ukugijima ngokushesha nokugxumela phezulu kunamanye amahhashi omjaho, “ihhashi elikhulu” laklanywa ukuze libe nokukhuthazela nokuhlala okuthuthukile.
Ngenhloso yokushintsha izifunda ezithile ze-DNA, ososayensi be-Kheiron Biotech basebenzisa ithuluzi lokuhlela izakhi zofuzo elinamandla elibizwa ngokuthi i-Crispr. I-Myostatin isakhi sofuzo esinciphisa ukukhula kwemisipha yamathambo. Ngokucindezela i-myostatin, amahhashi angakha imisipha eminingi.
Ngale ndlela, ochwepheshe bakhiqiza imibungu enempilo futhi bazofaka imibungu komama abayisibeletho phakathi neminyaka emibili ezayo, okusho ukuthi singase silibone ihhashi lokuqala elikhulu kakhulu ekuqaleni konyaka ozayo.
Umsunguli we-Kheiron Biotech nguDaniel Sammartino, isikhungo esisebenza ngokukhethekile ekuhlanganiseni amahhashi.
Abacwaningi baye benza inkomba yofuzo. Ngokusho kwe-IFCE, le nkomba ingakala ikhwalithi yofuzo yehhashi. Ngamanye amazwi, inkomba izotshela ososayensi ukuthi ihhashi lizodlulisela kahle kangakanani izimfanelo zalo enzalweni yalo.
Ngenxa yalokho, ungakwazi ukubikezela inani lesikhathi esizayo lehhashi, ihhashi, noma i-broodmare”. Ikuvumela ukuthi uqhathanise amahhashi amaningana bese ukhetha isitoko esihle kakhulu sokuzalanisa.
Le ndlela, nokho, ayikalungile futhi kufanele ihlotshaniswe ne-coefficient yokunquma. Le coefficient ibonisa ukuthi inkomba yezakhi zofuzo yalinganiselwa ngokunembe kangakanani.
Yini Ososayensi Abayitholile Kuze kube manje Nge-Racehorse Genetics?
Okokuqala, asazi okuningi ngezakhi zofuzo zamahhashi omjaho. Noma kunezifundo eziningi emhlabeni wonke, iningi lazo alinayo idatha eyanele ukuthi ithathwe njengebalulekile.
Eqinisweni, izenzakalo ezibonwe zabonwa ngamasampula angameleli, okunciphisa ukufaneleka kwawo. Ukwengeza, lokhu kuhlaziywa kwehhashi lomjaho kubonisa izindleko eziphakeme futhi kunzima ukumisa.
Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kofuzo kwehhashi lomjaho kuzoba yintando yeningi. Ngenxa yalokho, naphezu kokuvunywa kwalezi zifundo, amabanga omjaho wamahhashi kanye nokukhetha kokuqeqeshwa kuzoqhubeka nokuthonywa ithonya elingelona elofuzo labaqeqeshi nabanikazi eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.
Cishe u-30% wokusebenza komjaho we-Thoroughbred kunqunywa izakhi zofuzo nofuzo (Gaffney noCunningham, 1988).
Ngokusekelwe kuhlobo nokuziphatha, i-LeCheval ilinganisela ukuthi izakhi zofuzo ziphakathi kuka-25 no-45% wokusebenza kwezemidlalo, okuqhathaniswa nokukhiqizwa kobisi ezinkomeni, isici sokwenziwa futhi esiyinkimbinkimbi esingase sibonakale simangalisa.
Ukwenza i-crack horse, nokho, akuqinisekisi izinga elifanayo lokusebenza njengoba inani elingapheli lezici linomthelela ekusebenzeni okusele, kusukela ezimeni zokuzalanisa kuya ekuphakeleni nasekuqeqesheni nasekuhambisaneni nomsebenzi.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje kuye kwaba nokwanda okumangazayo olwazini lwesayensi lwamahhashi omjaho, kokubili ngokofuzo nangokomzimba. Ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwamahhashi omjaho jikelele. Kodwa-ke, ibeka inkinga yesimilo futhi ibeka engozini izinhlobo ezithile zofuzo zazo ezingafanele ukusebenza okuphezulu.
amazwi okugcina
Ngisho noma sibone inqubekelaphambili eminingi ocwaningweni lwesayensi lokuxhaphaza izakhi zofuzo zamahhashi, mancane amathuba okuthi lokhu kube umkhuba esikhathini esizayo.
Ngamanye amazwi, ikhono lehhashi lokugijima alinqunywa kuphela izakhi zalo zofuzo. Eqinisweni, ingxenye enkulu yamakhono akhe okusubatha incike enqubweni yokuzalanisa, ukudla, nokuqeqeshwa.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi nakuba ososayensi bengakha ihhashi elinezici eziningi zokusubatha, lokhu ngeke kuqinisekise impumelelo yehhashi endaweni enkulu yomjaho.
Enye inkinga le nqubo ezoyivula ingxenye yezimiso zokuziphatha zokukhohlisa nokuhlanganisa i-DNA. Imijaho yamahhashi isivele ibhekwa abantu abaningi njengokungathi ayinasimilo, futhi umphakathi wemijaho yamahhashi ngeke uvumele lezi zinsolo ukuthi ziqhubekele phambili ngokuhlanganisa i-cloning.
Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe ososayensi bathola indlela yokuhlanganisa ngempumelelo amakhono okusubatha ehhashini, kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu ngeke kube umkhuba womhlaba womjaho wamahhashi, okungenani okwamanje.
