Umkhiqizo oxhunyiwe ungabonakala uqediwe isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba ubunjiniyela obuzungezile buqedwe. I-prototype izinzile, idatha ifinyelela efwini, uhlelo lokusebenza lubonisa amanani afanele, futhi iqoqo lokuqala lamadivayisi selivele lisezandleni zabasebenzisi. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-backend ingase ibe lula ngokwanele ukuthi ithimba liyazi cishe wonke amadivayisi ngokwawo. Ukunikezwa kungaphathwa ngesikripthi, izinguquko zokucushwa zingenziwa ngesandla, futhi uma kukhona okwehlulekayo, unjiniyela ngokuvamile angalandelela inkinga ngqo.
Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele iqale ukuphila ezweni langempela. Kuvela ukubuyekezwa kwesibili kwehadiwe. Amanye amakhasimende asasebenzisa ukubuyekezwa kokuqala. Izinguqulo ze-Firmware ziqala ukuhlukana. Kudingeka ukucushwa okusha kwekhasimende elihlukile noma imakethe, kuyilapho amadivayisi amadala esadinga ukubuyekezwa nokusekelwa.
Akukho lutho oluphukile ngempela. Isofthiwe engemuva kwedivayisi isivele ithole umjikelezo wayo wokuphila.
Lolo shintsho kulula ukuluphuthelwa ngoba uhlobo lomkhiqizo lungaqhubeka nokusebenza kahle. Kodwa uma izinhlobo eziningi zomkhiqizo ofanayo zihlangana ensimini, i-backend ayisekho nje ingqalasizinda ngemuva kwehadiwe. Iba yingxenye yokwakheka komkhiqizo uqobo.
I-prototype esebenzayo exhunyiwe ayikakabi umkhiqizo ongandiswa
I-prototype inomsebenzi obalulekile: ukufakazela ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni. Idivayisi yenza umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko, i-firmware ixhumana ne-backend, i-telemetry ifika lapho kufanele khona, iyala ukuthi ibuye, futhi i-interface yeselula noma yewebhu iveza ukusebenza kumsebenzisi.
Okungavamile ukufakazela ukuthi uhlelo olufanayo luphatha kahle kangakanani ukuhlukahluka.
Amadivayisi okuqala angamashumi amabili angasebenzisa i-firmware efanayo, akhiwe ngokubuyekezwa kwehadiwe efanayo, futhi ahlelwe onjiniyela abafanayo. Kuleso sigaba, ukubhaliswa ngesandla, izinguquko zokucushwa okuqondile, noma iskripthi esincane sokuqalisa kungaba nengqondo ngokuphelele. Ukwakha amathuluzi ebanga lokukhiqiza ngaphambi kokuba umkhiqizo uzibonakalise kungase kube ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Isikali sishintsha inkinga. Amadivayisi ahlala engaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, ayashintshwa, asebenzisa i-firmware ehlukile, futhi adinga ukucushwa okuhlukile kwamakhasimende. Usekelo kufanele luhlukanise iyunithi engakaze ihlinzekwe kahle kuleyo engalungiselelwanga kahle noma engafinyeleleki kalula.
Isikweletu se-prototype sivame ukuqala ngale ndlela: hhayi ngesinqumo esibi, kodwa ngesesikhashana esihlala sikhona ngemva kokuba umkhiqizo usuhambile. Futhi enye yezinto zokuqala eziphoqa lokho kuguqulwa ukuthi kubonakale yi-hardware uqobo. Ukubuyekezwa okusha akugcini nje ngokuthatha indawo endala; kufanele kuhambisane nayo.
Ukubuyekezwa ngakunye kwehadiwe kudala inkinga yomjikelezo wokuphila kwesofthiwe
Ukubuyekezwa okusha kwehadiwe akuvamile ukufika njengokungena esikhundleni esihlanzekile sale endala. Empeleni, zombili izinguqulo zihlala ensimini, ngezinye izikhathi iminyaka. Engeza ibhetshi yokushintsha, amagatsha ambalwa e-firmware, kanye nokucushwa okuqondene namakhasimende, futhi imikhumbi isheshe ihluke kakhulu kunalokho okushiwo imodeli yomkhiqizo wokuqala.
Isendlalelo sesofthiwe asisakwazi ukuphatha yonke iyunithi "njengedivayisi" engaqondakali. Kudingeka sazi ukuthi leyo yunithi ethile ikwazi ukwenzani.
Ibhodi elibuyekeziwe lingasebenzisa inzwa ehlukile, imojuli yokuxhumana, noma isilawuli. Umyalo osebenza enguqulweni yakamuva ungase ungasekelwa ngowangaphambilini. Amanani okulinganisa angashintsha. Imikhawulo yokucushwa ingashintsha. Iphakheji ye-firmware efanele isizukulwane esisodwa ingase ingaphephile kwesinye.
Onjiniyela bomkhiqizo ongokoqobo sebevele basebenza ngale ndlela. Izingxenye ezimbili ezibukeka zifana cishe azikwazi ukushintshaniswa uma ukubuyekezwa kwazo, ukubekezelelana, noma imininingwane kuhlukile. Imikhiqizo exhunyiwe idala inkinga efanayo ohlangothini lwesofthiwe: ipulatifomu idinga indlela ethembekile yokuqonda ukuthi iyiphi inguqulo yomkhiqizo ongokoqobo ekhuluma ngayo nokuthi yimiphi imithetho esebenza kuyo.
Cabanga ngomkhiqizo okubuyekezwa kwawo kokuqala kusebenzisa inqubo eyodwa yokulinganisa kuyilapho okwesibili kwethula inzwa entsha kanye nesethi ehlukile yamapharamitha. Kumakhasimende, womabili amayunithi angase abe umkhiqizo ofanayo. Epulatifomu, awakwazi ukuba njalo.
Uma lowo mehluko ungavezwanga ngokucacile, uvame ukuvuza ku-logic yohlelo lokusebenza njengezimo ezikhethekile. Umsebenzi owodwa uhlola ububanzi bezinombolo ze-serial. Omunye usebenzisa inguqulo ye-firmware njenge-proxy yokukhiqiza ihadiwe. Ingxenye yesithathu iqukethe okuhlukile okungeziwe ngemuva kokuthola ukwesekwa kweqembu elidala eliziphatha ngendlela ehlukile ensimini. Akukho noyedwa kulezi zilungiso okubukeka kuyingozi kakhulu ngokwako, kodwa ndawonye kwenza kube nzima ukucabanga ngazo zonke izinguquko zesikhathi esizayo.
Ihadiwe endala ayivami ukunyamalala ngesikhathi esibekiwe. Amaqembu omkhiqizo ngokwemvelo agxila ekubuyekezweni okusha, kuyilapho amakhasimende evame ukugcina izinguqulo zangaphambilini isikhathi eside kakhulu kunokulindelekile. Ngakho-ke ipulatifomu kufanele isekele izizukulwane eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa kunokucabanga ukuthi isisekelo esifakiwe sizoke sihlangane esimweni esisodwa samanje.
Uma lokho sekwenzekile, ukuvela kwehadiwe kanye nokuphathwa komjikelezo wokuphila kwesofthiwe kuyahlukana. Ipulatifomu idinga ukwazi hhayi nje kuphela ukuthi idivayisi ikuphi nokuthi iku-inthanethi, kodwa nokuthi iyini, ukuthi ingasebenza kanjani, ukuthi kufanele ihlelwe kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi izinguquko eziphephile ukuzisebenzisa.
Futhi ngaphambi kokuba noma yimiphi yaleyo mibuzo iphendulwe ngendlela ethembekile, idivayisi ngayinye kufanele ingene ohlelweni ngendlela ehambisanayo.
Ukuhlinzeka yilapho ubunjiniyela bezandla buyeka khona ukukala
Ukulungiselela kubukeka kulula uma imikhumbi incane: dala irekhodi ledivayisi, faka inombolo yochungechunge, ukhiqize iziqinisekiso, unikeze iyunithi ikhasimende, usebenzise ukucushwa, bese uqhubeka. Kumadivayisi ambalwa, ukuphatha okunye kwalokhu ngesandla kungase kube ukukhetha okufanele.
Nokho, esikalini sokukhiqiza, ukuhlinzekwa kutholakala ekuxhumaneni kobunikazi bedivayisi, iziqinisekiso, ubunikazi, ukucushwa, kanye nesimo somjikelezo wokuphila. Iphutha elenziwe ngesikhathi sokufakwa lingathinta indlela iyunithi esebenza futhi isekelwa ngayo isikhathi eside ngemva kokuphuma efektri.
Ispredishithi kungenzeka singasafani nalokho okufakiwe ngempela. Idivayisi yokufaka esikhundleni idinga ukuhlangana kwamakhasimende okulungile ngaphandle kokuthola ubunikazi obungalungile. Ukusetha kabusha kwasefekthri kudala enye indlela enqubweni. Umfakisi angabela iyunithi ku-akhawunti engalungile, eshiya ukwesekwa ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi ayixhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, ayilungiselelwe kahle, noma imane iphethe ukucushwa okungalungile.
Uma impendulo yaleyo mibuzo idinga njalo ukuthi unjiniyela ahlole isizindalwazi noma asebenzise iskripthi sangaphakathi, inqubo iyeke ukukala umkhiqizo.
Ukuphindaphinda kuyisibonakaliso esiyisixwayiso. Uhlobo ngalunye lomkhiqizo luqala ukuthola iskripthi salo sokufaka, ithuluzi lokucushwa, noma ukuhamba komsebenzi kwesifaki. Lokho kungafani kungase kubonakale kuncane, kodwa umthwalo wemfanelo oyisisekelo uyafana. Ukunikeza sekuyinto engqalasizinda yesikhulumi engasetshenziswa kabusha kunokuba kube umsebenzi wokusetha oxhunywe kudivayisi ethile.
Futhi akuvamile ukuba yikhono elilodwa kuphela elidinga ukusetshenziswa kabusha.
Isendlalelo sepulatifomu kufanele sibe yingqalasizinda engasetshenziswa kabusha
Uma imikhiqizo eminingana noma ukubuyekezwa kwehadiwe kwabelana ngezidingo ezifanayo eziyisisekelo, amanye amakhono esofthiwe ayayeka ukuba ngokwemikhiqizo ethile. Ubunikazi bedivayisi, ukuhlinzekwa, ukuxhumeka, i-telemetry, ukulethwa kwe-firmware, isimo somjikelezo wokuphila, ukubonakala kwezimoto, kanye nokuxilongwa kuyizibonelo ezinhle. Ukuzakha kabusha kwenguqulo ngayinye entsha kudala ikhodi eyengeziwe kanye nezindlela zokusebenza ezengeziwe zokulondoloza ngaphandle kokwenza umkhiqizo ngokwawo uhluke kakhulu.
Amaqembu awavamile ukuqala ukudala lokhu kuphindaphindwa. Umehluko omncane uyanqwabelana kumkhiqizo ngamunye kuze kube yilapho iqembu ligcina ukusetshenziswa okuningana kwalokho okuye kwaba umthwalo ofanayo wobunjiniyela.
Umngcele ohlanzekile ukuhlukanisa ungqimba lomkhiqizo nengqimba yesikhulumi. Ungqimba lomkhiqizo luqukethe ukuziphatha, imisebenzi yokusebenza, izixhumi, ukuhlanganiswa, kanye ne-logic yesizinda okwenza idivayisi ethile ibe yigugu. Ungqimba lwesikhulumi luphatha izindlela okufanele zihlale zihambisana ngisho noma ihadiwe ishintsha.
Njengoba imikhiqizo exhunyiwe idlula ukukhishwa kwayo kokuqala, ukuhlinzekwa kwamadivayisi, ukuphathwa komjikelezo wokuphila kwamadivayisi, ukuphathwa kwemikhumbi, kanye namathuluzi okusekela kuba ingqalasizinda eyabiwe kunokuba kube imininingwane yephrojekthi eyodwa. I- IoT PaaS yamabhizinisi inganikeza ungqimba lwepulatifomu olungasetshenziswa kabusha emikhiqizweni eminingi noma izinhlobo zomkhiqizo, iphatha ukuphathwa kwamadivayisi nedatha okujwayelekile ngokusebenzisa amabhlogo wokwakha angasetshenziswa kabusha ngenkathi amaqembu onjiniyela egcina umzamo wawo wangokwezifiso ugxile kuhadiwe, ukuhamba komsebenzi, kanye nolwazi lomsebenzisi.
Isisekelo esifanayo kusadingeka sishiye isikhala sokwehluka kwangempela komkhiqizo. Idivayisi entsha ingadinga imodeli yedatha ehlukile, ukugeleza kokucushwa, ukuhlanganiswa, noma i-logic yokulawula, futhi lokho kwehluka kufanele kuhlale kulula ukukwethula. Umgomo ukugwema ukwenza wonke umehluko udonsele kwenye irejista yedivayisi, ipayipi le-telemetry, indlela yokuhlinzeka, noma isethi yamathuluzi okuphatha izimoto.
Ipulatifomu ingase ibukeke njengengaphezulu ngenkathi ithimba lakha umkhiqizo wokuqala futhi njengempahla ngomuntu wesibili noma wesithathu. Uma izindlela zokusebenza ezivamile sezikhona, uhlobo olusha lungazuza isisekelo esisebenzayo esikhundleni sokufika nesinye isisekelo esizodingeka ithimba lisigcine impilo yalowo mkhiqizo.
Gcina ubunjiniyela obungokwezifiso lapho umkhiqizo uhlukile khona ngempela
Ipulatifomu engasetshenziswa kabusha akufanele yenze imikhiqizo exhunyiwe ibe ejwayelekile. Umsebenzi wayo ukususa ubunjiniyela obuphindaphindwayo ezingxenyeni ezingadali umehluko.
Umzamo owenziwe ngokwezifiso usasebenza ekuziphatheni kwedivayisi, ekuqondeni kwesizinda esithile, emisebenzini, olwazini lomsebenzisi, ekuhlanganisweni okukhethekile, kanye nendlela umkhiqizo othile osebenzisana ngayo nomhlaba ongokoqobo. Lezo yizindawo lapho ukukhetha kobunjiniyela kungenza umkhiqizo owodwa ube ngcono kunomunye.
Okungavamile ukuthi kudingeke ukuphathwa okufanayo yiziphayiphi zokusebenza ezizungezile. Inguqulo eyisisekelo kanye nenguqulo yezimboni yomshini ofanayo kungadinga izinzwa ezahlukene, izilawuli, kanye nezixhumi, kodwa akufanele zidinge izindlela ezihlukene zokuhlonza amadivayisi, ukulandelela izinguqulo ze-firmware, noma ukuphatha izimoto.
Ngingathanda ukubona onjiniyela bechitha leso sikhathi belungisa indlela umkhiqizo oziphatha ngayo ensimini kunokwakha kabusha imishini ithimba elinayo kakade endaweni yomunye umkhiqizo. Isisekelo esabiwe asinciphisi ububanzi bobunjiniyela obungokwezifiso; sivikela lowo mzamo ekusetshenzisweni yingqalasizinda.
Uvivinyo lwangempela lufika lapho iqembu liqala umkhiqizo wesibili.
Ipulatifomu enhle yenza umkhiqizo olandelayo ube lula kunowokuqala
Uma umkhiqizo wesibili udinga cishe umsebenzi ofanayo wepulatifomu nomkhiqizo wenombolo yokuqala, kuncane kakhulu okusetshenziswe kabusha.
Uhlobo olusha kufanele lukwazi ukuzuza izingxenye zemodeli yokusebenza ezingakashintshi: ukugeleza kokuhlinzeka, ubunikazi, imishini yomjikelezo wokuphila, amathuluzi emikhumbi, izinqubo ze-firmware, ukubonakala kokusekela, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okuvamile. Umzamo wobunjiniyela ube usuya kokungafani - mhlawumbe iphakheji entsha yesensa, olunye uhlelo lokusebenza lokulawula, noma ukuhlanganiswa okuqondene nekhasimende - esikhundleni sokwakha kabusha isisekelo.
Isizukulwane esisha sehadiwe sibeka umqondo ofanayo ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu. Amakhono ayo angashintsha kakhulu ngenkathi amayunithi amadala ehlala esebenza ensimini. Ipulatifomu evuthiwe ingasekela kokubili ngaphandle kokuphoqa ithimba ukuthi ligcine izinqwaba ezimbili ezihlukene zepulatifomu zalokho amakhasimende asakubona njengomndeni owodwa womkhiqizo.
Akukho kulokhu okudinga i-backend eyodwa ye-monolithic. Imikhiqizo ehlukene ingase isadinga imingcele ecacile yokwakha. Okubalulekile ukugwema ukuqaliswa kwesibili komthwalo wemfanelo ofanayo wobunjiniyela ngaphandle kwesizathu esizwakalayo.
Yilapho ipulatifomu iba yimpahla esikhundleni semali eqongelelwe. Usekelo lunamathuluzi ambalwa afanayo okufanele uwaqonde, ukukhishwa kulandela izindlela ezihambisanayo, futhi ukwengeza omunye umkhiqizo kuba isandiso esilawulwayo esikhundleni sesinye i-backend inkampani eyizuza ngokungenamkhawulo.
Phatha ipulatifomu njengengxenye yokwakheka komkhiqizo
Imikhiqizo ebonakalayo yaklanywa ngokubuyekezwa, ukusebenziseka kalula, ukukhiqizwa kalula, kanye nezinguquko zesikhathi esizayo engqondweni. Imikhiqizo exhunyiwe idinga isiyalo esifanayo ngasohlangothini lwesofthiwe.
I-backend yokuqala ingaba yesikhashana. Kanjalo neskripthi sokuqala sokuhlinzeka noma ithuluzi lokusekela. Akukho lutho olungalungile ngalokho. Izinkinga ziqala lapho lezo zindlela zesikhashana ziba ukwakheka okuhlala njalo ngenkathi umkhiqizo ngokwawo uqhubeka nokuguquka.
Ngaleso sikhathi, umkhiqizo oxhunyiwe awuseyona nje ihadiwe, i-firmware, kanye nohlelo lokusebenza. Kuncike futhi engqalasizinda ehlonza idivayisi ngayinye, eqonda amakhono ayo, esebenzisa ukucushwa okulungile, esekela izibuyekezo, futhi esiza amaqembu ukuxilonga izinkinga eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kokuthunyelwa.
Uma leso sendlalelo sesiphathwa njengokwakhiwa komkhiqizo, ukwahlukana kuyacaca: izindlela ezijwayelekile zihlala zingasetshenziswa kabusha, kuyilapho umsebenzi owenziwe ngokwezifiso ungena kulokho empeleni okuhlukanisa umkhiqizo owodwa noma umndeni womkhiqizo komunye.
Ipulatifomu enamandla kakhulu akuyona nje leyo eyenza umkhiqizo wokuqala oxhunyiwe ube nokwenzeka. Yileyo evumela ithimba lobunjiniyela ukuthi lakhe owesibili, owesithathu, nowesine ngaphandle kokuthola i-backend entsha njalo.
