Kule ngxoxo noDkt. Logan Rodriguez Graves, sifunda ngendlela izibuko ezinkulu, ezibizayo zezibonakude zokubuka, zenziwa izithombe zezokwelapha, nezinye izinto ongazenza ngeziqu zesayensi yokubona.

I-Medical Imaging Yokuhlonza Umdlavuza Wekholoni

Njenge-undergrad, i-Graves yasebenza ku- University of Arizona iqembu elacwaninga izindlela ezintsha zokuthola umdlavuza wekoloni. Indlela "yendabuko" yokuthwebula ingaphakathi lakho ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ukuphuza udaka oluwuketshezi olucasulayo elenza izinto zibe fluoresce. Ungangibuzi ukuthi kungani ngazi kahle ukuthi kunjani ukuphuza lowo doti.

Abacwaningi uGraves asebenze nabo baqhamuke nezindlela ezintsha zokuzulazula lapho ngaphandle kwaleso siphuzo. Okokuqala, bathole ukuthi izilonda nezicubu ezinomdlavuza kukholoni zingagqanyiswa ngokuzishaya ngamaza okukhanya athile - ayikho i-cocktail edingekayo.

Amathuna asitshele ngomunye umsebenzi we-GI wokuthwebula ithimba le-University of Arizona owenziwe yiqembu elihlanganisa uDkt. U-Bhaskar Banerjee no-“Ron” Liang. Bona kwakhiwe idivayisi yokubona okungase kubheke phambili nangemuva kukholoni ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngaleyo ndlela, azikho izixuku ezinomdlavuza ezingacasha! Ubuchwepheshe benziwa inkampani ebizwa ngokuthi I-Omniscient Imaging, Inc.

I-Graduate-Level Optics Wizardry

Incwadi kaLogan Graves yobudokotela yayihilela izindlela ze-metrology ezisetshenziswa ekwenzeni nasekuqinisekiseni izibuko ezinkulu. Ngokukhethekile, i-Graves isize ukukala indawo yesibuko ezogcina ifakwe ku-Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope, noma i-“DKIST” ngamafuphi.

Lesi sibonakude simiswe eMaui, eHawaii, futhi njengamanje siyisibonakude esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ngenkathi isibuko esiyinhloko esingaphakathi kuso manje sijabulela iholidi elishisayo, sazalelwa elebhu e-Arizona.

Isibonakude esingamamitha angu-4.26 singamafidi angu-14 ekukhulumeni kwaseMelika, noma usayizi we-trampoline enkulu, yangaphandle.

Ngoba le nto izithombe ilanga, ezinye izinselele ezengeziwe zobunjiniyela zazikhona. Njengoba kungenzeka uyazi, ilanga likhanya kakhulu. Kuphinde kushisa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi isibonakude asisonti, sincibilike noma gazinga njengentuthwane ngaphansi kwengilazi yokukhulisa ingane ngosuku olushisayo, kwakudingeka kusungulwe into entsha.

I-substrate yesibuko yayidinga ukwakhiwa ngento engeke yande kakhulu lapho ishaywa ukukhanya kwelanga. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi, noma ingazange ibambe umlilo, ukunwebeka kakhulu kusengahlanekezela isithombe esithwetshulwe yi-DKIST. Yingakho i-SCHOTT yangena futhi yakhuphuka enento entsha yengilazi-ceramic ebizwa ngokuthi i-ZERODUR®. I-coefficient yayo ephansi kakhulu yokunwetshwa kwe-thermal yiyona eyenza i-ZERODUR® ikhetheke.

Kungani i-Metrology ku-Multi-million Dollar Telescope Mirror Inzima Kangaka

Ngenkathi i-Logan Graves ingena ngesakhiwo se-DKIST, idizayini yesibonakude kanye nezinto ezintsha zikanokusho zase zisethiwe, kodwa izindlela zokwenza zazidinga uthando oluthile. Phela le nto eyakhiwayo yayisizoba isibonakude esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni walolu hlobo!

Ukuze kugaywe isibuko sifike esimweni saso sokugcina, esiphucuziwe, kwakudingeka izigaba zokwenziwa ezihlukene. Zonke lezi zigaba zazidinga ukulinganiswa. Njengoba impahla ichithwa, kudingeka kube nendlela yokuhlola ukuthi kungakanani okusadingeka kukhishwe nokuthi kungakanani osekususiwe.

Konke lokho kubonakala kulula ngokwanele, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo lokusebenza luyisibonakude sezigidi zamadola, izidingo ze-metrology ziba nzima nakakhulu. Phakathi kokunye, izigidi eziningi zamaRandi ziyimali eningi! Ngakho-ke, kungcono ungawenzi amaphutha. Akulona iphutha elilodwa. Akekho noyedwa. Udinga owenzayo ukuze usebenze, ngokungafani nokukhiqizwa kwevolumu ephezulu lapho ulindele iphesenti lokuhluleka.

Enye into okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi, njengawo wonke ama-optics anembayo, awukwazi ukuyithinta. Awukwazi ukuphefumula kuyo ingasaphathwa eyokuhudula i-profilometer engumshini endaweni yayo. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukwenza izilinganiso ezinembe kakhulu, ezingenangqondo ngaphandle kokuthinta isibuko.

Izinzuzo kanye Nebubi be-Interferometry

Indlela “yezinga legolide” yokulinganisa indawo yesibuko efana nale nge-interferometry, okuyindlela yokulinganisa enembayo, engathinteki. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubiza kakhulu futhi kudinga ukuthi wenze umumo ophelele wenkomba engokomzimba. Bese, uzokala ingxenye oyidalayo kanye nomumo wesithenjwa futhi umehluko phakathi kwezilinganiso yiphutha.

Ngesibuko se-DKIST esigobile, le nqubo ibinzima kakhulu. Kwakukhona usayizi omkhulu weyodwa, kodwa futhi umumo wawungahlangene ne-axis kanye ne-parabolic. Uma ngabe umumo wokusika ubuyindilinga esikhundleni salokho, ubungakwazi ukuwukhipha nge-sphere ephothayo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi i-wonky, ukwenza nokuhlola into kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

Enye i-drawback ye-interferometry ukuthi ekulinganiseni izindawo ezinkulu, awukwazi ukukala yonke indawo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kunalokho, ungase udinge ukuthatha izilinganiso ezimbalwa futhi uzithunge ndawonye. Lezo zindawo ezigqagqene zijwayele ukwenza amaphutha, futhi futhi, ngamawijethi ezigidi zamadola, iphutha libi.

Enye futhi inkohliso yokusebenzisa i-interferometry kuphela ukuthi isebenza kuphela lapho umumo owulinganisayo usondele kakhulu kumumo wereferensi. Ngakho-ke, uma ukulezo zigaba ezinzima, zokuqala zokugaya phansi isibuko, i-interferometry izoba nokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe.

Iyini i-Deflectometry?

Ngokungafani ne-interferometry, i-deflectometry ingasetshenziswa kalula ezigabeni zokuqala zokusika isibuko. Kushibhile futhi njengoba kungadingi ukwakheka kwereferensi ukuze kwakhiwe.

Kunalokho, isithenjwa esisetshenzisiwe siwumthombo, mhlawumbe isibonisi sedijithali, esinephethini yokuhlola yobukhulu obaziwayo. Uma ukhanyisa lowo mthombo esibukweni futhi ufanekisela ukubonakaliswa, ungasho ukuthi isibuko sibukeka kanjani ngokuthi isithombe sihlanekezelwe kanjani.

Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga ngesibuko se-funhouse esisontekile. Uma ubona isithombe sakho esingamafidi angu-3 ubude nobuso obukhulu kunomuva wakho, kodwa wazi ukuthi ungu-5'10” nge-noggin yosayizi ojwayelekile, ungasho ukuthi leyo ndawo ecwebezelayo igobe kanjani ingasebenzi. Uma usudlule ekushaqekeni kokuqala, ungabona isithombe esihlanekezelwe hhayi njengomuntu ophithizelayo kodwa njengama-ripples ku-aluminium.

Uma ufuna ukuqonda i-deflectometry ngokujulile futhi ungumlandeli we-The Matrix, hlola ukuzivikela kwe-Graves's doctoral dissertation. Uchaza i-deflectometry ngesithombe samaphilisi abomvu naluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka abonakala ezibukweni zikaMorpheus.

Isigaba Sokugaya

Isigaba sokuqala senqubo yokwenziwa kwesibuko "isiteji sokugaya". Yilapho i-telescope gnomes ingathatha khona indawo yesibuko ekubukeni njengopende we-matte ogibeleni oluyimpimpi ukuya kokuthile lapho ungaqala khona ukubona ukubonakaliswa. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesinyathelo sokugcina sokupholisha, le ngxenye yenqubo yilapho inqwaba yezinto izonqanyulwa khona.

Inqubo yokugaya isebenzisa ingalo yerobhothi ukuze icindezele futhi iphothe udaka oluxutshwe negrit yokupholisha. Kubukeka kungcolile kakhulu ukukwazi ukugaya nge-nemba, kodwa, ngosizo lwe-IR deflectometry, bakwazi ukulinganisa futhi. qapha le ndawo embi. I-Interferometry ne-deflectometry ebonakalayo nayo yasetshenziselwa ukuqinisa izilinganiso ze-IR deflectometry.

Ngokusebenzisa i-IR deflectometry kule ngxenye yenqubo, ithimba likwazile ukonga isikhathi esiningi sokwenza.

Kwakulula ukubona lapho bengathatha khona izingcezu ezinkulu ezintweni ezingasondeli ekugcineni. Lokho, futhi, kwavumela isibuko se-DKIST ukuba senziwa esikhathini esingaphezudlwana konyaka, okuyinto u-Logan asitshela yona, ngezindinganiso ze-observatory optics, ukuthi ngokumangalisayo ngokushesha.

"Isibuko Esibushelelezi Esiphezulu"

I-"Super Smooth Mirror" empeleni iyisigaba sesibuko. Lokho yinto oyaziyo manje. Uma izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokupholisha seliqediwe, isibuko se-DKIST sasinobunzima obungu-19 nm endaweni yonke. Uma ubheka ukuchezuka endaweni encane engaba ngu-2x3mm, yehle ngisho nalapho ingaphansi kuka-0.7nm, okulingana “nokushelela kakhulu”.

Kodwa isho ukuthini ngempela i-surface roughness ye-19nm? Ngesikhathi sokuzivikela kwe-Graves's dissertation, wachaza ukuthi lokhu kuchezuka kwe-19nm kuqhathaniswa nokuchezuka kwezindawo phakathi kwezindawo ezi-2 edolobheni lonke okuyingxenye yobubanzi bezinwele zomuntu. Ngakho-ke, noma iyiphi igquma noma i-pothole phakathi kwakho nephoyinti elithile elingamakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka kuyodingeka ingabi ngaphezu noma ibe ngaphansi kwengxenye yoboya bomuntu.

Kulungile, izinsiza, doc!

Ukuze uhlole indawo yesibuko esigabeni sokugcina, kwakungabalulekile nje ukukala umumo kodwa nobuhwaqane obungaphezulu. Izinhlobo eziningi zama-deflectometers kanye nama-interferometers zasetshenziswa ukuskena indawo engaphezulu njengesheke lokugcina. Khona-ke, zonke lezo zilinganiso zahlolisiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zonke ziyavumelana.

Amathuna njengososayensi we-Optical Scientist wamahhala

Selokhu athweswa iziqu, uGraves ubematasa namaphrojekthi amaningi ahlukene. Ekanye nozakwabo, uDkt. Isaac Trumper, wenze umsebenzi wobunjiniyela be-optical ezisebenzela yedwa enkampanini yabo, Intuitive Optical Design Lab. Baye babonisana kumaphrojekthi amancane okuqalisa ihadiwe yonke indlela ukusiza ukuthuthukisa amasistimu e-LIDAR kusukela ekuqaleni.

Ngaphezulu I-ELE Optics, futhi usebenza ngesofthiwe ye-PM ukuze abhekane ngokuqondile nezinselele ezihilelekile ekudluliseleni idatha yobunjiniyela bokukhanya. Uma thina onjiniyela be-optical sisebenza eqenjini elithuthukisayo, umsebenzi wethu wokuklama ufihlwa ngokungenhloso kude kwabanye onjiniyela ebhokisini elimnyama. Isebenza kanjalo isoftware yethu! Ngijabule ukubona lokho ithimba labo le-R&D eliza nakho esikhathini esizayo ukuze lenze lokhu kungabi yinkinga.

Iforamu ye-Optics nePodcast

Kukhona ezinye izinto ezinhle ngaphezulu kwe-ELE Optics kufaka phakathi inkundla yomphakathi yesayensi ye-optical kanye nobunjiniyela. Lesi isisetshenziswa esihle sokuthola ochwepheshe futhi ubuze imibuzo yobuchwepheshe okunzima ukuyiqonda ku-Google mayelana nokubona kanye nesofthiwe yokubona.

Ungayithola Umbiko Osobala I-podcast lapho, futhi, engiyithokozelayo mathupha (futhi bengilokhu ngiyiyo njengesivakashi). Le podcast ngokwesiko ifake phakathi izingxoxo zochwepheshe abaningi be-optics kodwa u-Logan wamukela zonke izinhlobo zonjiniyela njengososayensi njengezihambeli.

Ufuna isiqondiso esivela kuDkt. Logan Rodriguez Graves? Mbhukhe ku-OddEngineer.com!

Uma ungathanda ukuthi i-Logan Graves ikunikeze isiqondiso sezindlela ze-metrology zohlelo lwakho lokusebenza, ungakwazi bhukha i-aphoyintimenti ngqo naye ku-Odd Engineer kulesi sixhumanisi.

Kukhona asikho isidingo sokumbuza mayelana nokutholakala kwakhe! Vele uchofoze okuthi "Uhlelo Lokuqokwa" inkinobho, bese ubhukha futhi ukhokhele noma yisiphi isikhathi esitholakalayo nosuku olukusebenzelayo. Uma umdinga ukuthi asayine i-NDA yomhlangano wakho, ungalayisha ikhophi esayiniwe uma ubhukha. Uzobe usuthola i-imeyili enesixhumanisi somhlangano we-Zoom.

Ingxoxo Egcwele noDkt. Logan Graves ku-Odd Engineer Podcast

Ufuna ukuzwa inguqulo ende, engafinyeziwe yale nhlolokhono? Hlola I-podcast kanjiniyela oyinqaba ukuze uthole iseluleko nemininingwane eyengeziwe ngezindlela ze-metrology kanye nephrojekthi ye-DKIST.