Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi (i-QA) kubalulekile lapho usungula isofthiwe entsha noma ubuyekeza ekhona futhi sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yomjikelezo wokuphila wokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe (SDLC). Isizathu salokhu siqondile uma kuqhathaniswa: ukukhula okuqhubekayo ezindaweni zobuchwepheshe zezinkampani kudinga amasu afanele okuqinisekisa ikhwalithi.
Kufanele uhlole isisombululo sakho sokusebenziseka, ukuphepha, ukusebenza, nezinye izici. Futhi nge inqubo ye-QA esebenzayo, uzohlela ngokushesha ukukhishwa okusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, enye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokwenza lokhu i-QA automation.
Iyini i-QA Automation?
I-QA automation isebenzisa amathuluzi ukuze ihlole ngokuzenzakalelayo, ihlaziye, futhi iqinisekise isisombululo sesofthiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ihlangabezana nezidingo ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi, ikhwalithi yekhodi, nokusebenza. Izikripthi zokuhlola ezizenzakalelayo zenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe ikhodi futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ihambisana nezidingo ezingenhla. I-automation yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi isiza ukuthuthukisa isivinini sokuhlola isofthiwe ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ikhwalithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingasetshenziswa ezigabeni ezahlukene ze-SDLC. Nokho, kunzima kancane ukukwenza, kunokuba ukusho. Ikakhulukazi uma ufuna ukukwenza kahle. Ngakho-ke ukuthola izinsiza zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi kubathengisi abakhipha imisebenzi, abasebenza ngokukhethekile kuyo, njengo-Edvantis, kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi iphrojekthi yakho iyaphumelela.
Isampula Test Automation Framework
Izinzuzo Ze-Quality Assurance Automation
I-QA automation ibonakale iphumelela ngisho nakumagama amakhulu embonini efana ne-Google. Onjiniyela abavela enkampanini enkulu yobuchwepheshe bakwazile ukukhulula izici ezingaphezu kwe-100 zomkhiqizo wabo, i-Google+, phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-100 ngo-2011, ngenxa ye-QA automation.
I-Google kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ithuthukise isistimu yayo yokuqala ukuze i-Test Automation Platform (TAP), okuyinkundla yokuhlola isofthiwe ezenzakalelayo enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi esekelwa imigomo ye-DevOps efana ne-Continuous Testing (CT), Continuous Integration (CI), kanye Nokulethwa Okuqhubekayo (CD ). Inkundla ingahlaziya amaphrojekthi ekhodi angaphezu kuka-13,000 ngosuku olulodwa, okudinga imigijimo yokuhlola engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-150.
Ukuhlola okuzenzakalelayo, ngisho nangesilinganiso esincane, kungaba nezivinini zokuhlola ezivelele kanye nezinzuzo ezengeziwe ezifana:
- Ukwenyuka kokunemba kokuhlolwa njengoba singekho isikhala samaphutha omuntu
- Ukuhlolwa okufanele njengoba ungenza okuningi ngesikhathi esifushane
- Izivinini ezisheshayo, ezithuthukisa ukusebenza
- Isikhathi esisheshayo sokuya emakethe ukuthola izixazululo ezintsha
- Impendulo esheshayo kukhodi esanda kuthunyelwa
- Kubiza kancane kunokuhlola okwenziwa mathupha
- Ikhono lokuphinda usebenzise amacala okuhlola, okunciphisa umsebenzi ongasasebenzi.
Ungayisetha kanjani i-Test Automation Framework
Izinkampani eziningi zithola izimiso zokuhlola ezizenzakalelayo, amaphethini, nezinqubo ziyinkimbinkimbi. Ezimbalwa zazo azikenzi zinyathelo ngokusetshenziswa nokuklanywa kohlaka lokuhlola oluzenzakalelayo.
I-automation yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi iyinqubo ehlelekile naphezu kokuba inkimbinkimbi. Kufanele udlule ezinyathelweni ezibalulekile ezihlukene ukuze usuke ekuhloleni okwenziwa ngesandla uye kokuzenzakalelayo. Ake sibheke izindlela ezingcono kakhulu ze-QA nokuthi singazisebenzisa kanjani.
Isinyathelo 1: Khetha Ukwakhiwa Kweplathifomu Yokuhlola Okuzenzakalelayo Okulungile
Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi kuwumkhuba otholakala nxazonke. Isofthiwe esanda kwakhiwa ingahlolwa ngezindlela ezihlukene ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ayinakho ubungozi obuqinile noma iziphazamisi futhi isebenza njengoba kudingeka.
Izivivinyo ezehlukene ezenziwe zihlanganisa:
- Ukuhlola Okusebenzayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwe-Component, ukuhlolwa kwe-API, ukuhlolwa kweyunithi, ukuhlolwa kwentuthu, ukuhlolwa kwe-UI, nokuhlolwa kokuhlehla.
- Ukuhlola Okungasebenzi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuhlanganisa iPentesting, izivivinyo zokusebenza, izivivinyo zokubuyisela, ukuhlolwa komthwalo, ukuhlolwa kwevolumu, nokuhlolwa kweStress.
Uhlaka olufanele lokuhlola kufanele lwenziwe ukuze luhlangabezane nezidingo zomkhiqizo wakho futhi lubhekane nezinkinga ezithile. Qiniseka ukuthi uyaziqonda izinto eziza kuqala kuwe ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuklama izakhiwo zakho.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlaka ezitholakalayo zihlanganisa:
- Uhlaka oluqhutshwa ngamagama angukhiye.
- Uhlaka oluqhutshwa ukuziphatha.
- Uhlaka oluqhutshwa yi-modular.
- Uhlaka lweHybrid.
- Uhlaka oluqhutshwa yidatha.
Ukusebenza kohlaka oluthile kuncike kusixazululo sakho, iphrojekthi, kanye nenqubo yokuthuthukisa isoftware.
Isinyathelo sesi-2: Dala i-Test Automation Framework for Reference
Kunezigaba ezine ezihlukene ze-QA automation. Lokhu kubandakanya:
- Incazelo yokuhlola.
- Isizukulwane sokuhlola.
- Ukuzijwayeza kokuhlola.
- Ukwenziwa kokuhlola.
Ehlanganisiwe, alawula isixhumanisi phakathi kwe-Test Automation Solution (TAS) ne-System Under Test (SUT). Ngamagama alula, bathuthukisa imithetho yokuhlola ezishintshayo nezikhombisi-ndlela.
Hlola i-Automation Architecture
- Isendlalelo Sesizukulwane Sokuhlola. Lesi sendlalelo sisetha izinga eliyisisekelo lokuzenzakalelayo kwe-QA elandelanayo. Umgomo uwukuchaza izinhlobo zokuhlola eziyinhloko, ukudala ukuhlaziya okwenziwa ngesandla, nokuhlela ukukhiqizwa kokuhlolwa nokuthwebula idatha ukuze wenze ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yohlelo lwe-QA olukhethiwe.
- Isendlalelo Sencazelo Yokuhlola. Lapha, kufanele uhlole idatha yokuhlola etholakalayo futhi uyibhanqe namakesi okuhlola emgqeni ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukudala imibhalo yokuhlola ezosetshenziswa ezimweni ezihlukahlukene eziqinisekisiwe.
- Isendlalelo Sokwenza Ukuhlola. Yisigaba sokwenza ukuhlolwa esinakho konke okudingayo ukuze ungene, uqalise, futhi ubike ngokufezwa kwecala lokuhlola elihleliwe.
Isinyathelo sesi-3: Thola Isitaki Sobuchwepheshe Sokuzenzakalela Kwakho Kokuhlola
Uhlaka lokuhlola oluzenzakalelayo lubandakanya inhlanganisela yamathuluzi nezinqubo. Sibheke ukwakheka kwenqubo esigabeni esingenhla. Manje ake sibheke amathuluzi.
Amathuluzi okuhlola ikhwalithi yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi atholakala ngezinketho ezintathu:
- Ubunikazi. Amathuluzi anelayisense anemisebenzi embalwa.
- Umthombo ovulekile. Abayidingi ilayisensi.
- Izixazululo ngokwezifiso. Ihlanganisa okubili okungenhla ngaphakathi kohlaka lwakho lokulawula ikhwalithi.
Kufanele ucabangele ukwesekwa kwenkundla, izilimi zokuhlela, namasistimu okusebenza lapho ukhetha isitaki sakho esizenzakalelayo se-QA.
Ochwepheshe be-Edvantis kumasevisi okuqinisekisa ikhwalithi bancoma amathuluzi okuhlola azenzakalelayo alandelayo:
- Cypress
- I-Selenium WebDriver
- WinAppDriver
Ukuze uthole izinketho ezengeziwe, ungaqhathanisa izinhlaka zokuhlola ezizenzakalelayo zokuhlola kanye namathuluzi e-QA ezishintshayo kumathrendi e-NPM.
Isinyathelo sesi-4: Khetha Indlela Yakho Yokusebenzisa
Kufanele ukhethe indlela yakho yokufaka isicelo ngemuva kokukhetha uhlaka lwakho lokuhlola. Amathuluzi ahlukahlukene we-QA anezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuqalisa.
Indlela yokusebenzisa oyikhethayo incike esimweni sakho sokusebenzisa. Ayikho indlela enhle noma embi. Kwa-Edvantis, sinikezela ngezinsizakalo ezihamba phambili ze-QA, futhi sizokuqondisa ezindleleni ezingcono kakhulu zokuqalisa.
Isinyathelo sesi-5: Dala Idatha Yokuhlola
Idatha ibalulekile ekuhloleni okuzenzakalelayo. Ngedatha eningi, uqinisekisiwe imiphumela engcono kakhulu. Phakathi nezigaba zangaphambi kokukhiqiza zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi, ungase untule idatha ebalulekile eyanele yazo zonke izidingo zokuhlola.
Kufanele ukhethe amasu ahlinzeka ngezizukulwane zedatha yokuhlola eyengeziwe. Lawa maqhinga afaka:
- Ukukopishwa kwedatha eyinqwaba kusukela ekukhiqizeni kuya endaweni yokuhlola.
- Idatha ekhiqiziwe evela kumathuluzi okukhiqiza idatha ahleliwe.
- Ikopisha idatha yenqwaba kusuka kuzinhlaka zefa.
- Ukudalwa kwedatha yokuhlola mathupha.
Ngemva kokuthola idatha yokuhlola, kufanele uyihlele ngamakesi okuhlola futhi uwagcine ethuluzini lokuphatha elilungile.
Isiphetho
I-QA automation iyinqubo evamile. Kufanele wenze izivivinyo ezijwayelekile ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene. Kungcono ukuqala, ngezakhiwo eziningi zokuhlola ngaphambi kokufaka ezinye kuhlaka lwakho.
