Ingabe unentshisekelo ekuhwebeni kwamasheya, ongakhetha kukho kanambambili, noma ikusasa? Mhlawumbe uke wezwa izindaba zempumelelo kubangani nomndeni noma ubone izikhangiso ezenza kubonakale kulula. Kodwa-ke, kuyingozi kakhulu, ngakho-ke lesi sihloko sizohlinzeka ngomhlahlandlela ophelele mayelana nezisekelo zokuhweba futhi sikuqondise ngamagama ajwayelekile atholwa abadayisi abaningi. Uma ufuna qala kanambambili ongakhetha zokuhweba futhi sakhe ingcebo yezezimali, khona-ke ukufunda okuyisisekelo kubalulekile - ngakho-ke asingene kukho!
Kuyini Ukuhweba Nokutshala Imali: Incazelo kanye Nokuhlola
Ukuhweba kanye nokutshala izimali ezitokisini kubhekisela ekuthengeni nasekuthengiseni izibambiso emakethe yamasheya ukuze kutholakale inzuzo. Kubandakanya ukuhlaziya ukusebenza kwezimali kwezinkampani, ukuhlola izitayela zezimakethe, kanye nokwenza izinqumo ezisekelwe olwazini olutholakalayo.
Ukuhweba kuhilela ukuthenga nokuthengisa izitoko zesikhashana ukuze wenze inzuzo esheshayo ngenkathi izimali ekubambeni isikhathi eside kwamasheya ukuze uthole imbuyiselo ngezabelo nezinzuzo ezinkulu. Amasheya anikeza abatshalizimali ithuba lokuhlanganyela ekukhuleni nasenzuzweni yezinkampani abatshala kuzo, okubenza babe ukukhetha okuthandwayo kokutshalwa kwezimali.
Izisekelo Zemakethe Yamasheya: Izinhlobo Zezimakethe, Izinhlobo Zama-oda, Ukuhwebelana
Imakethe yamasheya ingaba nzima kwabaqalayo, kodwa ukuqonda okuyisisekelo kungasiza ekunciphiseni inqubo. Isici esisodwa esibalulekile okufanele usibambe yizinhlobo ezahlukene zezimakethe. Izinhlobo ezimbili zezimakethe eziyinhloko ziyisisekelo nesesibili.
The imakethe eyinhloko yilapho izinkampani zikhipha amasheya amasha emphakathini okokuqala ngqa. I imakethe yesibili yilapho lezi zitoko zithengiswa khona ngemva kokukhishwa kwazo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela izinhlobo zama-oda ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ama-oda emakethe okuthenga noma ukuthengisa amasheya ngamanani amanje emakethe kanye nama-oda akhawulelwe okuthenga noma ukuthengisa amasheya ngentengo ethile.
Ukuhwebelana kungenye ingxenye ebalulekile yemakethe yamasheya, ezimbili ezinkulu kuyiNew York Stock Exchange (NYSE) kanye neNasdaq. Ukuqonda lezi zisekelo kungakusiza wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi emakethe yamasheya.
Imigomo Ebalulekile Ekuhwebeni: Izinkunzi namabhere, Umthamo & Nenzalo Evulekile, Umbono Wemakethe
Uma kukhulunywa ngokuhweba, kunemibandela ebalulekile okufanele umuntu azijwayeze ukuze enze izinqumo ezinolwazi.
- Izinkunzi namabhele bhekisela emuzweni wemakethe, lapho kuqala kubhekiselwa kubatshalizimali abanethemba futhi lokhu okulandelayo kubhekise kwabangenathemba.
- ivolumu iphathelene nenani lamasheya adayiswayo phakathi nesikhathi esishiwo, futhi inzalo evulekile iyisamba senani lezinkontileka eziphethwe abahlanganyeli bemakethe.
- Ukuzizwa kwemakethe isimo sengqondo esivamile sabatshalizimali noma isimo sengqondo mayelana nemakethe noma impahla ethile. Njengomhwebi, ukuqonda le migomo kungakusiza ukuthi uzulazule ngokuzethemba ezindaweni eziphakeme neziphansi zemakethe futhi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi olungcono.
Uhlelo Lokutshalwa Kwezimali
Uma kuziwa ekutshaleni imali, akungabazeki ukuthi ukucwaninga inkampani nokuhlaziya izimali zayo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo. Kodwa kungani ibaluleke kangaka? Ngaphambi kokufaka imali oyisebenze kanzima enkampanini, kubalulekile ukuthi ubheke ngale kwentengo yesitoko noma igama lomkhiqizo elidumile. Ucwaningo olunzulu lunganikeza ukuqonda okujulile kwamandla enkampani, ubuthakathaka, kanye nempilo yezezimali iyonke.
Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlaziya imali engenayo, amashidi ebhalansi, nezitatimende zokuhamba kwemali ukuze kunqunywe izitayela kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona. Ngokuqikelela okufanele, uzokwazi ukwenza izinqumo zokutshala izimali unolwazi oluthe xaxa futhi ngethemba lokuthi ubone ukukhula kwesikhathi eside kuphothifoliyo yakho.
Izingozi Ezihlotshaniswa Nokuhweba: Ukuguquguquka, Isilinganiso, Izingcingo Ze-Margin
Uma kuziwa ekuhwebeni, kuhlale kunento yokuthi ingozi abathintekayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi abathengisi baqonde ngokugcwele lezi zingozi futhi babe nesu eliqinile lokulawula ubungozi ukuze banciphise umthelela wabo. Izingozi ezinkulu abadayisi ababhekana nazo ukuguquguquka, amandla, kanye nezingcingo ze-margin.
- I-volatility kungenza kube nzima ukubikezela ukuthi imakethe izohamba kanjani, idale ukungaqiniseki.
- Yize ingakhulisa ukuzuza, amandla ingakhulisa nokulahlekelwa uma ingasetshenziswa kahle.
- Izingcingo ze-margin yinto wonke umhwebi athemba ukuyigwema, njengoba kufanele babeke imali eyengeziwe ukuze bahlanganise ukulahlekelwa okungenzeka.
Ukuthuthukisa Isu Lokuhweba: Ukuhlaziywa Kwezobuchwepheshe Nokulawulwa Kwengozi
Ukwakha isu lokuhweba kudinga ukuqonda okuqinile kokuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe nokulawulwa kwezinhlekelele. Ukuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe kusebenzisa idatha yesikhathi esidlule nezimakethe zokubikezela ukuziphatha kwemakethe kwesikhathi esizayo. Ukuhlonzwa okunekhono kwezinkomba ezibalulekile, ezifana namazinga okusekela nawokumelana, kungasiza abathengisi babone izindawo zokungena nokuphuma ezifanele.
Kodwa-ke, izinqubo zokulawula ubungozi azikwazi ukushaywa indiva ukuze uphumelele njengomthengisi ngokweqiniso. Ukulawula ubungozi ngendlela efanele kuhlanganisa ukubeka ama-oda okulahlekelwa kokuyeka kanye nokunciphisa ukuchayeka ezimakethe ezintengantengayo. Kubalulekile ukwenza ukulingana okufanele phakathi kokuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe nokulawulwa kwezingcuphe, okungaholela ekuhwebeni okuyimpumelelo kanye nenzuzo ephezulu.
Isiphetho
Ukuhweba nokutshala izimali kudinga ulwazi, ukuqonda, nekhono. Kunezimpahla eziningi ezitholakalayo kubathengisi namuhla, kanye nezinkundla ezahlukene zokuhweba namathuluzi, ngakho ukuqonda okuyisisekelo kwalezi zinqubo kuyadingeka. Khumbula ukuthatha isikhathi sakho uzilolonge futhi uthuthukise isu lokulawula ubungozi ohambweni oluyimpumelelo lokuhweba.
