Kube yiphupho labalandeli be-sci-fi iminyaka: iphephandaba ledijithali eliguquguqukayo, elingafihli lutho elingagoqa futhi libekwe ngaphansi kwengalo yakho. Lelo phupho seliseduze kancane nokuba ngokoqobo namuhla njengoba abacwaningi baseShayina bekhiphe ividiyo yentuthuko yabo yakamuva ekwakheni izinto ezidingekayo zokuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ama-semiconductors e-silicon aguquguqukayo futhi asobala. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugoqa ikhanda lakho nxazonke? Cabanga nje uma ishidi le-Jolly Rancher liguqulwe laba uCandy Candy.
Uma ubheka phambili empambanweni yobuchwepheshe obugqokekayo kanye Nomthetho kaMoore, kungase kumangaze ukuthi akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi amakhompyutha aba mancane futhi amukeleka ngokwemfashini, kodwa, njengentuthuko yakamuva ekuxhumaneni komsebenzisi—okungabonakali kakhudlwana. Izibonisi eziguqukayo bezilokhu zibona isabelo sazo sokunaka kwinkumbulo yakamuva, kodwa kuncane okungenziwa uma lonke uhlelo lungakwazi ukuhambisana nalo.
U-Chengxing Wang wase-Sun Yat-sen University e-Guangzhou, e-China kanye nozakwabo basanda kuthola impumelelo ekudaleni 'iphepha' le-silicon eguquguqukayo nelisobala ngokubeka impushana ye-silicon monoxide ngaphakathi kwe-crucible futhi yawuhwamulisa ezingeni lokushisa elingu-1600 C degrees. Kusetshenziswa umfudlana wegesi ye-argon ukusunduza umhwamuko uye phezulu kwe-crucible, ukusabela kokupholisa kwakha izinhlayiya ze-silicon ne-silicon dioxide okubangele ukuthi i-silicon inamathele ndawonye ngendlela ye-nano-wires ehlanganiswe ndawonye njengefayibha ephepheni lendabuko noma insimbi. uvolo. Ekugcineni, naphezu kokwabelana ngezinto ezifanayo zekristalu eziqinile ezibonwa kuma-chips wezinto zikagesi ezithuthuke kakhulu zanamuhla, isakhiwo esifana nephepha esiwumphumela siyakwazi ukugoba ngokukhululeka ngaphandle kokunqamuka. Ngenxa yezakhiwo eziyingqayizivele ze-nano-scale zephepha, ukukhanya kukwazi ukudlula ngokukhululekile kunikeza impahla yokugcina izinto ezibonakalayo.
Njengamanje, u-Wang nabasebenzi bakhe bagxile ekudaleni amashidi amakhulu ezintambo ze-nano ezinogqinsi olufana neyunifomu engasetshenziselwa izicelo zezimboni. Ukuba nephepha elisha le-silicon kuyinto eyodwa, kodwa kusobala, futhi? Lokho kufana nokuthola i-XBox futhi i-Playstation kaKhisimusi.
Abstract:
Uma izinto ezifana nephepha eziguquguqukayo nezizimele ezingalindeleka ukuthi zihlangabezane nezidingo zobuchwepheshe ezivelayo, njengezingxenye zamabhethri kagesi asobala, amaseli elanga aguquguqukayo, izinto zikagesi ezigobekayo, izibonisi zephepha, amakhompyutha agqokekayo, njalo njalo, zingafinyelelwa. ku-silicon, akungabazeki ukuthi izinto zendabuko ze-semiconductor zizovuselelwa. I-silicon eyinqwaba ayikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngesixazululo ngoba imvamisa ikhombisa ukonakala ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elincibilikayo ngenxa yengcindezi ephezulu ye-Peierls. Ngenhlanhla, lapho usayizi we-silicon wehlela ku-nanoscale, inamandla amakhulu okudonsa kanzima, okuholela ethubeni lokuklama iphepha le-silicon nanowires eliguquguqukayo nelizimele (FTS-SiNWsP). Kodwa-ke, ukugcwaliseka kwe-FTS-SiNWsP kusewumsebenzi oyinselele ngenxa enkulu yobuqili bokulungiselela ukuhlangana okuyingqayizivele okuhlanganayo nokukhula okulawulekayo kwe-catalyst. Lapha, sethula isu elilula lokwenziwa ngokugeleza kwegesi okuqondiswe umhlangano wokuqondanisa okuyingqayizivele okuhlanganayo kwe-Si nanowires (SiNWs) ukukhiqiza, okokuqala ngqa, i-FTS-SiNWsP, eyayihlanganisa ama-SiNW axhumene anobubanzi obuyi-10 nm nge- i-free-catalyst thermal evaporation esithandweni somlilo esime mpo se-high-frequency induction. Le ndlela ivula ithuba lokudala amadivaysi ahlukahlukene asebenzayo abonakalayo avumelana nezimo asekelwe ku-FTS-SiNWsP.
-Chunlei Pang, Hao Cui, Guowei Yang, kanye noChengxin Wang
(umthombo: Izincwadi ze-ACS)
