Kulesi sikhathi samanje, inani elihle labantu emhlabeni selivele lisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D. Kusuka ezinkampanini ezinkulu zokukhiqiza ezisebenzisa i-Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) kuya kwi-Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) ejwayelekile etholakala kumaphrinta e-3D ezentengiselwano, cishe noma ngubani onemali ayengamsiza angathenga futhi asebenzise eyakhe iphrinta ye-3D.
Sonke siyayazi kanjani izinhlobo eziningi zamaphrinta we-3D zisetshenziselwa ukudala izinto ezithile ezimangazayo, kodwa wake wazibuza ukuthi amaphrinta ngokwawo enziwa kanjani?
Ngeke ube nephutha uma ubheja ukuthi izingxenye zeprinta ze-3D zenziwa yimishini ngayinye emhlabeni jikelele futhi zihlangene efektri kwenye indawo - njengokuthi noma yimuphi umkhiqizo wentengiso ukhiqizwa kanjani. Kepha njengoba ukuphrinta kwe-3D kukodwa kunciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi nezinsizakusebenza, ngabe akunangqondo yini ukuphrinta kwe-3D iphrinta ye-3D?
Njengoba kuvela, akusikho lokho kuhlanya njengoba kuzwakala. Ezinye izinkampani bezilokhu zisebenzisa amaphrinta e-3D ukuzenzela amaphrinta e-3D, kufana nokuthi ungacabanga kanjani ukuthi ukufaka i-transformer kuyo uqobo kuzoholela emandleni angenamkhawulo (umehluko kuphela ukuthi amaphrinta we-3D wokuphrinta empeleni ayasebenza).
Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, Isiteshi Sesayensi uvakashele inkampani esebenzisa ithani lamaphrinta e-FDM 3D ukwenza amaphrinta e-3D amaningi. Ngosizo lwezandla ezimbalwa zabantu ukusiza ngomhlangano, ungabona ukuthi ukuphrinta kwe-3D kungasetshenziswa kanjani ukusika amakhona ukudala umkhiqizo owenziwe kahle.
Esikhundleni sokukhipha izinkampani eziningi ukwenza izingxenye zeprinta ezenziwe ngezifiso, le nkampani ingenza izingxenye ezingama-40 endlini zisebenzisa amafayili azo kanye namaphrinta angama-135 3D. Kungathatha isikhathi ukukhiqiza zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo, kepha le ndlela ishibhile.
Ngenkathi izingxenye ezinjengezindlu namagiya zingaphrintwa nge-3D, izingxenye ezinzima ezidinga ukwenziwa ngezinto ezingakaphrintwa (njengezinsimbi zensimbi, izinjini, ingilazi nezintambo) ziyakhiqizwa noma zithengwe kwenye indawo. Lokhu-ke kulethwa kulayini wokukhiqiza njengoba kudingeka.
Lapho izingxenye seziphrintiwe, inyama negazi lomuntu lihlola ingxenye ngayinye ukuthola noma ikuphi ukukhubazeka ngaphambi komhlangano. Bese babhoboza izimbobo ezingxenyeni ezithile, banamathisele amagiya nama-motors, bese benza isiqiniseko sokuthi ingxenye ngayinye isendaweni elungile ukuze iphrinta ye-3D isebenze.
Amagiya nemoto kunamathiselwe emzimbeni we-extruder, lapho isiphetho esishisayo (ingxenye eshisa imicu) sixhumeka ekugcineni. Kuhlanganisiwe, lezi zakha inhloko yamathuluzi ephrinta ye-3D.
Uhlaka lwephrinta ye-3D aluphrinteki ngokuphelele. Ingxenye yayo eyinhloko i-aluminium, ebanjwa ndawonye ngezingxenye zepulasitiki eziphrintiwe nge-3D. Izinduku ezimbili zibekwa ngokuvundlile ukuze zinamathisele ikhanda lethuluzi kufreyimu kuyilapho ibhande lenjoloba elixhunywe enqoleni livumela ikhanda lethuluzi ukuthi lihambisane nezinduku.
Ngezansi kwekhanda lamathuluzi, umbhede wokuphrinta obekwe ngengilazi ubekwe kumthuthi osiza ngenqubo yokuphrinta ye-3D. Ekugcineni, i-elekthronikhi ixhunywe ekunikezelweni kwamandla ngaphambi kokuthi yonke into iqiniswe ngezikulufo.
Ngokufana nokukhiqizwa kwendabuko, ukuphrinta kwe-3D iphrinta ye-3D kudinga ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi - okusho ukuthi iphrinta kufanele ihlolwe ngaphambi kokuthi ithunyelwe. I-filament idudulelwa ekhanda lamathuluzi, lapho iphrinta khona isampula. Lokhu kusebenza ngokufana nokuphrinta kwamathoni amabili, umehluko kuphela kube yimicu emibili edudulwa ngekhanda lamathuluzi elikhipha kabili.
Uma isampula ephrintiwe yenelisa, iphrinta ye-3D izofakwa.
Okumangazayo ngalokhu ukuthi kungaziphindaphinda kanjani ukuphrinta kwe-3D. Impela, usadinga amandla okusebenza kanye nezingxenye ezimbalwa ezikhishwe ngaphandle, ezingaprinteki, kepha iningi lezingxenye zenziwa kusetshenziswa inqubo efanayo abazogcina bezenzela bona. Njengoba ukuphrinta kwe-3D kusesencane kakhulu, cabanga ukuthi yini esizokwazi ukuyifeza eminyakeni eyishumi!
