Ake sixoxe ngendida yobunjiniyela: ukuklama ingxenye enhle neyinkimbinkimbi futhi utshelwe ngabakhiqizi ukuthi “ayikwazi ukukhiqizwa” ngezinga elingakanani ngaphandle kwezindleko ezidlulele noma ukusebenza. Uma uke wachitha amahora amaningi, uthuthukisa isici esithile esincane sejiyomethri yengxenye yensiza yezokwelapha noma ukufaka i-aerospace ebalulekile usebenzisa uhlelo lwe-CAD, uyawazi umuzwa.
Ngilapha ukuze ngikutshele, impendulo ivamise ukuba senqubweni yokukhiqiza ewumfanekiso wokunemba kobunjiniyela: i-Swiss screw machining. Noma, esimweni sesitolo sethu, sisebenzise ama-micromechanics.
Imishini yaseSwitzerland ivame ukufundwa kabi njengama-lathes alula. Lokhu kuwukubukelwa phansi. I-CNC Swiss machining yanamuhla iyi-ballet yokunyakaza okudidiyelwe kanye ne-masterclass ekuxazululeni izinkinga zemishini ezokuvumela ukuthi wenze umshini oyinkimbinkimbi, izingxenye ezincane kanye nokubekezelelana, okuthi, ngemuva kokuba sembonini iminyaka eminingana, iqhubeke nokungihlaba umxhwele.
Kungani "iSwitzerland?" Umhlahlandlela Ubhusha Wenza Umlingo
Lonke iqhinga lomlingo okuyi-Swiss lathe lincike entweni ehlukanisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-Swiss kusukela ekukhiqizweni kwe-lathe "evamile": I-guide bushing. Bona ngeso lengqondo isitokwe sakho sebha yempahla eluhlaza (kungaba i-titanium, i-PEEK, noma ingxubevange ekhethekile) esekelwe inombolo encane yamamilimitha ukusuka lapho kuthintana khona ithuluzi lokusika.
Lokhu kulula kakhulu ukufaka amapayipi kanye nokusetha kudala inkinga eyisisekelo enembile ekujikeni, okuwukuchezuka. Kwi-lathe yendabuko, lapho uqhubekisela phambili ithuluzi ekunyakazeni kokusika uye kusiqeshana somsebenzi esingasekelwe (ikakhulukazi, eside esincanyana) isiqeshana somsebenzi sifuna ukuchezuka (ukugoba nokudlidliza) ngokushesha nje lapho ithuluzi lokusika lingena endaweni yokusebenza. Lokhu kuzokukhawulela ngokunemba, ukuqedwa kwendawo, kanye nemisebenzi engenziwa ngokusetha okukodwa.
Ngokusetshenziswa komhlahlandlela njengokusekela okuqinisekile, inkinga engenhla iyaphela. Ungakwazi ukusunduza ukusikeka okunolaka ezingxenyeni ezincanyana. Ungakwazi ukubamba ukubekezelela okunamandla—okubanzi kakhulu kusukela ku-±0.0002” (±0.005mm)—kumadayimitha kanye nasezimeni zangempela ngobude bengxenye. Lesi isiqalo esisobala sokunemba. Swiss isikulufa machining.
I-Multi-Tasking Perk: I-Complexity kanye ne-One Chucking
Manje, nakhu lapho kubonakala khona isimangaliso sobunjiniyela. Umshini wesikulufa waseSwitzerland ungaphezu kobunzima be-lathe; iyingqamuzana elikhiqizayo elizimele, eliqhutshwa yimishini. Umshini owodwa ungafaka:
I-spindle yokuqala kanye ne-guiding bushing.
Umzuzwana, I-counter-rotary spindle (i-sub-spindle) ukuze udlulise ingxenye futhi uqedele imisebenzi yasemuva.
Amathuluzi abukhoma: amathuluzi azungezayo (ama-endmill, i-drill, ompompi) afakwe ku-turret, vumela ukugaya, ukubhola okuphambanayo, kanye ne-slot ukuthi kwenzeke ngenkathi kusesemshinini.
Iziteshi eziningi ku-turret enekhono lokuba nekhono le-Y-axis lokugaya ngaphandle kwendawo.
Empeleni, ungakwazi ukukhiqiza ingxenye edinga ukuphenduka, ukugaywa, ukubhola, nokuhlanganisa ngenqubo eyodwa, eqhubekayo, ezenzakalelayo lapho ingxenye ingalokothi inyakaziswe, iboshwe kabusha noma ilahlekelwe yidatha yayo. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokukhokhela izinzuzo zezinto ezisetshenziswayo/inqwaba nezingcezu, kuqinisekisa isimo sejiyomethri. Lokhu kwenza indlela "yokwenza-kokunye" yenzeke kumishini eyinkimbinkimbi yaseSwitzerland kanye nemikhiqizo ebalulekile. Isusa "iphutha" elinqwabelene lezinyathelo eziningi zokulungisa futhi inciphisa izikhathi zokuhola.
Ngabe leli khono liba nini 'elingenakuxoxisana'?
Izinsizakalo zemishini yaseSwitzerland ungangeni ekudlaleni ukuze uthole ubakaki olula. Uyawusebenzisa uma imininingwane yedizayini idlula umhlangano. Ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwami, lokhu ngokuvamile kuzosho:
- Izilinganiso Eziqinile Zobude Nobubanzi: Izingxenye ezinde zesikhumba. Cabanga nge-hydraulic valve spools, i-surgery drive shafts, noma ama-probes. Lezo azisebenzi neze ngaphandle kokusekelwa komhlahlandlela.
- Izici Eziyinkimbinkimbi Ezihlangene Eziningi: Ingxenye enemigodi ye-OD, imicu ye-ID, izimbobo eziphambanayo, nokugaya okuyisicaba. Esikhundleni sokukhipha lokho okufakiwe ukuze sihlukanise imishini, sizoqedela ingxenye eyodwa.
- Ukuvumelana, Ukuvumelana, Ukuvumelana: Yona kanye imvelo ye-CNC Swiss screw machining iyazenzakalela, okuyenza ibe yinketho efanelekile yokukhiqiza izingxenye eziphezulu zezingxenye zomshini wesikulufa sase-swiss ekubekezeleleni okwaziwayo nezimo. Uma umshini usuhleliwe futhi waqinisekiswa, uzoqhubeka nokukhiqiza ingxenye yenkulungwane yeshumi ngokubekezelela okunembile njengeyokuqala.
Yilapho sihluke khona kubahlinzeki bemishini base-swiss, manje sesingabazakwethu enqubweni yokuklama. Imiklamo emihle kakhulu mihle njengokwenziwa kwayo. Ngomshini wesikulufu se-swiss ngokwezifiso sinezingxoxo ze-Design-For-Manufacturability (DFM) nsuku zonke ukuze wenze izinguquko ezincane kumiklamo—kufanele ushintshe irediyasi lapho, uphinde ulungise ukubekezelela kwakho lapho, uphakamise ezinye izinto—okugcina inhloso yomklamo kodwa okwenza ingxenye ikhiqizeke kakhudlwana futhi ibe nezindleko ezizwakalayo.
Yileyo bhalansi yesifiso sokuklama kanye nethuba lokukhiqiza okwenza ngempela izingxenye eziphendulwe kakhulu ze-swiss ezibheke esikhathini esizayo zenzeke. Umshini uyawenza umsebenzi, futhi ukubaluleka kusekwazini ukuthi usetshenziswa kanjani.
Ngakho-ke, uma uphusha imvilophu yedizayini yakho futhi ushaya udonga lokukhiqiza, bheka idizayini ongekho engozini, bheka indlela yokukhiqiza eklanywe onjiniyela bonjiniyela.
