Ezingeni elingaqondakali, yonke iphrojekthi entsha yakhiwa ngezinto ezintathu: The okwaziwayo (izinto ozaziyo uyazazi), i- okungaziwa okungaziwa (izinto ozaziyo ongazazi), kanye ne- okungaziwa okungaziwa (izinto ongazazi ongazazi) *. Hlala kude kakhulu ne- ama-gnomes aziwayo. Banikezwe noma yiliphi ithuba, bazokweba isokisi elilodwa kumgoqo wakho.
Abaziwayo Abaziwayo
Ngemuva kokucabangisisa okokuqala ngiyaqala ukumodela kwe-3D, ngiqala ngokuthengisa okukhethwe kusengaphambili ezintweni zeshalofu (COTS). Lezi yizinto okuvunyelwene ngazo ezizothengwa, ezingadizayinelwe. Izixhumi, izinjini, ukushintsha – konke lokho ubuhle bukaMcMaster-Carry.
Ungakwazi, ngaphandle kokumbalwa okungahle kwenzeke, ubheke lezi zinto njengengcezu engaguquki nengashintshi yomklamo wakho omkhulu. Kunjenge-sock yokugqoka engabhangqiwe, ejulukayo edingekayo njengengxenye yesikhuthazo somlingo omnyama we-gnome.
Hlanganisa noma yiluphi ulwazi ongalufaka, kufaka phakathi imidwebo, amamodeli we-3D, amashidi wedatha, nezithombe. Kodwa-ke, thatha izinto ezibonakalayo ze-COTS, uma kungenzeka, njengoba ziyiqiniso lokugcina-Imidwebo namamodeli e-3D yizethulo ezifanele ezingakhombisi imininingwane ethile eyisibonelo, eyimikhiqizo eyenziwe ngezinqubo zokukhiqiza (isb. , ama-pin pin dimples, warp).
Kwesinye isikhathi, ukufinyelela ezintweni zangempela kunzima ngenxa yezindleko, ukunikezwa okulinganiselwe, noma isidingo esabiwe. Kodwa-ke, ukucela ngesizotha isampula noma into ebolekayo kumenzi kungasiza ekwakheni isitashi sakho.
Ngifisa umphakathi ophelele lapho zonke izinhlobo ze-CAD zivulekile, zinembile, futhi zifinyeleleka, zikhulula abaklami ukuze benze umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu wokwenza imiklamo emangalisayo, eyingqayizivele enezela inani labanye. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, sizokwenza konke okusemandleni ukuthola leyo datha esandleni. Ukuqala, nazi izinketho ezine zokukusiza lapho usendleleni.
Indlela 1: Cela i-3D Model Kusuka Kumthengisi
Inketho enhle ukuthola imodeli ye-3D ngqo kumthengisi. Abanye abathengisi bazokwenza lokhu kube lula futhi banikeze amamodeli ngqo ngekhasi labo lewebhu. Uma amamodeli enganikezwanga ngokuqondile, thumela i-imeyili umnyango wezobuchwepheshe bese ubuza ukuthi bangathanda yini ukuwuthumela. Ngine-e-mail yesitoko engiyithumelayo engiyisebenzisile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isihloko: Isicelo semodeli ye-3D
Sawubona, igama lami nginguDan Slaski one-Renegade Prototyping. Siyi-OEM ehlela ukufaka [incazelo emfushane yento] yakho [kwincazelo yomhlangano emfushane] entsha. Ngidinga ukuklama okokuzenzela okwakho [incazelo emfushane yento]. Uma unemodeli ye-3D etholakalayo, yenza impilo yami ibe lula kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kufanele ngenze konke okusemandleni ami ukubuyisela emuva unjiniyela wento edla isikhathi esiningi. I-SOLIDWORKS (.sldprt) kuyathandwa kepha ifayela le- .igs noma .step nalo lihle.
Ngikubonga kusengaphambili.
Ngithanda ukukubeka kafushane ekuqaleni njengoba kungaya kumuntu ongeyena ubuchwepheshe ngaphambi kokuthi kufike emnyangweni ofanele.
Isizathu sokuthi izinkampani zinganqikaza yingoba zikhathazekile ngokuvikela impahla yazo enobuhlakani bengqondo. Uma ucabanga ukuthi kukhona okuthile okuphathelene naleyo nto, engeza umugqa othi: Ngiyaqonda ukuthi ungahle uthande ukuvikela impahla yakho yengqondo, ngakho-ke, imodeli yezindawo ezingaphandle noma imodeli eyenziwe lula izokwanela. Ukuza kumthengisi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu:
1. Uma uvikela kakhulu isikhathi sakho “ngobugovu”, okusho ukusebenza kahle, ungagxila kwimisebenzi yenani eliphakeme futhi kungcono kuwo wonke umuntu.
2. "Kufanele" kube enembile kunazo zonke.
3. Imininingwane eminingi ayinakulimaza kepha incane kakhulu.
Ngihlale ngilinganisa ubukhulu obubucayi engxenyeni yangempela bese ngiqhathanisa. Ngithole amamodeli avela kubathengisi abagcine bengalungile ngenye indlela ebalulekile. Abathengisi banamaphutha futhi ukuhambisana nokuphathwa kokumiswa kwamamodeli we-CAD abawanikezayo kungenzeka kungabi phezulu kwezinto eziza kuqala kubo. Ukwabelana ngamamodeli kuyinto ehlakaniphile ongayenza ngokombono webhizinisi. Njengoba kunikezwe ithuba lezingxenye ezimbili ezilinganayo, ngizokhetha eyodwa enemodeli etholakalayo ye-CAD etholakala ngezizathu zobugovu bese ngiyincoma leyo emnyangweni wethu wokuthenga. Isikhathi esengeziwe, ngithuthukise i-database yokuya ezinkampanini engaziyo ukuthi zenza imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakeme (futhi ine-CAD etholakalayo). Ngikholwa ukuthi kunokuhlobana phakathi kwezinkampani ezihlinzeka ngamamodeli we-CAD futhi zenze imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakeme njengoba kuyizimpawu zezinga eliphakeme lokunaka imininingwane kuwo wonke amazinga. Uma bebuya no-cha, ngenhlonipho cela umdwebo we-2D. Lawa amamodeli angaba isibambi sendawo yokuklama kepha aqaphele kakhulu ngamamodeli ahlinzekiwe! Njengokungathembi njengoba ungaba yinsensane engqongqoza emnyango wakho ethi imoto yabo iphuke ngaphambili futhi uyazibuza ukuthi bangayisebenzisa yini ifoni yakho.
Indlela yesi-2: Funa Umuntu Wesithathu
Ku-inthanethi, kukhona imikhombandlela yemodeli esekelwa ngumsebenzisi ye-3D – i-3D Content Central, iThingiverse, neGrabCAD ukubala ezimbalwa. Lezi zindawo zingasentshonalanga yasendle. Kunezinhlelo ezithile zokulinganiswa kepha akukho amasheke wangempela noma ukuphendula. Inhloso yabalingisi ayaziwa, futhi imodeli kungenzeka yenzelwe umbukiso noma ukuzijwayeza, futhi kungenzeka ingaqukathi imininingwane noma ukunemba ezindaweni ezibalulekile kuphrojekthi yakho. Konke lokho eceleni, kufanelekile ukubheka ukuthi ngabe enye i-rockstar CAD ninja njengawe yasila imodeli oyidingayo futhi yakhokha phambili ngokunikeza owakho ukwenza uhlu olukhulu lokuhlola olulula.
Indlela 3: Reverse Engineer Into
Thula abakhongi, faka ibhethri elisha le-SR44, ugoqe imikhono yakho bese uqala ukusebenza. Qala ukuthatha izilinganiso futhi nganoma imiphi imidwebo eyenziwe ngamehlo faka amakhono akho e-CAD asebenze. Nawa ama-hacks amathathu ukukusiza endleleni.
Hack 1: Uma umthengisi enikeze umdwebo ongavuliwe kufomethi ye-vector (pdf, dxf) ungakufaka lokho ku-SolidWorks bese ukukala kusayizi ofanele wokuqoqa izilinganiso. Kukhona umdanso wokuhlehlisa ubunjiniyela. Ulwazi lwenqubo yokukhiqiza esetshenzisiwe ukwenza ingxenye kungasiza ukuthola ubukhulu. Isibonelo, uma wazi ukuthi ingxenye ethile yenziwa noma yabunjwa ngokuqhathaniswa nensimbi ekhishiwe noma yensimbi uyazi ukubhekela ama-engeli okusalungiswa. Eqinisweni, abaklami bavame ukusebenzisa izinombolo ngisho futhi uma uqala ukukala, amaphethini ayavela.
Hack 2: Bheka ukuze ubone ukuthi umthengisi (noma abanye) bakwenza yini ukukhweza. Lokhu kungaba enye indlela yokuthola ubukhulu obubucayi noma ukumane ubuke ubukhulu bobukhulu. Sifuna ukudala ukuzama kwethu ukubeka okuhle ku-REing. Sebenzisa leli thuba ukucwaninga ufunde ngezinqubo zokukhiqiza futhi ucije amakhono akho e-CAD. Yamukela ukuncela. Njengoba ngingu-REing ngivame ukucabanga ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo zokuklama zendlela i-heck yokulingana ngayo leso sikhonkwane sesikwele emgodini oyindilinga. Inqubo yokugxila ngokujulile ivame ukuholela ekuboneni ukusetshenziswa kwangaphambilini njengoba kuhloswe ngemiphumela engathandeki kulowo mzuzu wokushintsha ukukhanya komqondo ophambene ngokwanele ukuthi usebenze futhi unemithelela eminingi emangalisayo. Ngifisa sengathi ngabe bekukhona indlela elula yokufika kulowo mzuzu we-ah-ha, kepha kimi ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele ivele emncintiswaneni wokubuka isikhathi eside futhi ongathandeki naleyo nto engaphili lapho ngenqaba ukuhlehla khona.
Hack 3: Amehlo we-Googly angakhanyisa imizwa. Okuqale kwasusa umlilo wethu wangaphakathi kwakungukufunda, ukuqaqa nokulungisa. Uma ulinda ngokubekezela, imvamisa othile (onjiniyela bakagesi) uzokhipha, aphathe kabi imishini, noma ngokuvamile aphule ingxenye bese une-carte blanche ukuze uqaqe futhi ufundele ngaphakathi abangaphakathi. Ukutadisha ukwakheka kukuvumela ukuthi uqaphele imininingwane yokwakha ehlakaniphile ye-repertoire yakho. Ukuthola amabhodi wesifunda kungumgogodla wawo. Ubukhulu obuthile kunzima ukukala njengezingxenye ezibunjiwe, i-radii, nezingxenye ezibunjiwe (amathiphu amaningi namasu kulokhu okuzayo).
Kunamathuluzi ahlukahlukene wokulinganisa abizayo namageji angasetshenziswa kepha lokhu kuvame ukweqa. Amaphrinta we-3D alula ne-2D ayasebenza ekuqageleni nasekuhloleni. Ukubuyela emuva kwezobunjiniyela kungafinyelela ngokushesha ekubuyiseni okunciphisayo. Ngikwenza ngezigaba, imvamisa ngiqala ngezimo ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo ngokususelwa kubude obubanzi nje, ububanzi, nobude obuphuma kudatha yedatha. Yini amathuba okuthi le ngxenye izosetshenziswa? Ingabe ingxenye le ingeyangaphandle futhi ingabe izithombe zizosetshenziselwa ukumaketha? Ngabe le ngxenye izosetshenziswa kabusha kuyo yonke imikhiqizo? Lithini izinga lakho lokufuna ukuphelela ngokweqile?
Indlela Mcm: 3D Skena Into
Ngiye ngazama ngama-scanner we-3D aphansi kuya kwamaphakathi emakethe. Ikakhulu, izikena ze-Matter neFomu ne-NextEngine 3D, ezinemiphumela exubile. Izinketho zesithwebuli se-3D zisukela kokuzijabulisa kuya kwipro namakhulu kuya ezinkulungwaneni zamaRandi. Inkinga yokuqala engaba khona kufanele ube nengxenye ofuna ukuyiskena (bona izingqinamba ezingenhla). Lapho-ke ubunzima bokuthola indlela yokuhlela into ukuze kuthwetshulwe zonke izinhlangothi ezahlukahlukene nezindawo ezikhanyayo ezifana nensimbi noma ingilazi ngaphandle kokulungiswa kwendawo. Isici sokulungiselela sibe yinkinga lapho ngisebenza nge-elekthronikhi engikhathazekile ukuthi ngizoyilimaza. Bese kuba nenkinga yokuguqula ifu lephuzu elivelayo libe yimodeli engasebenziseka. Ubuchwepheshe buzoqhubeka nokuthuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kungahle kube okulungele izidingo zakho kuya ngezinhloso zakho nezinga lokubekezela. Uma othile efuna ukungibonisa ukuthi anginaphutha futhi angithumele isithwebuli se-3D, ngizojabula ukukuhlola bese ngenza isibuyekezo esithembekile.
Ngamamodeli anembile wokwakha nokuklama nxazonke, iphrojekthi yakho manje inendawo yokwakhiwa yangempela enezimpande empeleni.
Sicela usize ukuxhasa umkhankaso womgibe ovulekile we-gnome. Umlingo omnyama we-gnome uya ngokuqina futhi ukuthi bahlose ukwenzani ngawo kuyinto engaziwa.
* Ithathelwe kuDonald Rumsfeld uma ungakukholwa
