Ngaphandle uma uke waba sengozini yemoto (engethemba ukuthi awuzange ube sengozini), ngeke uqaphele ukuthi zingakanani izithiyo eziguqukile eminyakeni edlule.
Naphezu kwalokho okubona kumabonakude, lezi zinsiza zokuvikela izingozi empeleni zibe ngcono ekusindiseni izimpilo kunokuba ziziqede. Kwenzeka lokhu nje ingcosana yokufa okuhlobene nabo yibo abahlale benza izindaba.
Kule vidiyo efundisayo ngo Andrew Lam, washo ukuthi abantu baseMelika bane-Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) yokubonga ngalokho.
Kalula nje, i-MASH iyisethi eqinile yezinkombandlela izinkampani ezikhiqizayo okufanele ziyilandele lapho zenza imishini yokuphepha emgwaqeni. Imihlahlandlela ihlale ibuyekezwa ukuze ihlanganise amathuluzi amaningi kanye nezinhlobo zezimoto ezilokhu zikhula njalo emgwaqeni.
KUNINGI kwemishini yokuphepha emgwaqeni kodwa u-Andrew ugxile kakhulu emigwaqeni evimba umgwaqo nokuthi isiphephe kangakanani, sibonga i-MASH.
Izithiyo zomgwaqo zinemithetho emithathu ejwayelekile okufanele ilandelwe:
- Kufanele bagcine izimoto zimile zingabangeli ukuthi zigingqike.
- Akufanele zenze izimoto ukuthi zigwebe ngaphezu kuka-75° noma zidlule umgoqo.
- Akufanele zikwazi ukungena noma ukuchoboza indawo yabagibeli.
Kunolwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nomthetho ngamunye, kodwa yiwona umongo wawo. Ukuvimbela izimoto ukuthi zingashayisani nezithiyo noma ziphume emgwaqeni, izithiyo zomgwaqo ngokwazo kufanele ziphephe ukuthi zishayisane.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezithiyo zomgwaqo: ukhonkolo, i- guardrail, nekhebula. Imikhawulo yemigwaqo eyahlukene isetshenziswa emigwaqeni eyahlukene kuye ngezinto ezifana nethrafikhi, uhlobo lwemvamisa yezimoto, kanye noxhaso lukahulumeni wendawo yakho.
Izithiyo zikakhonkolo ziqinile kakhulu futhi ziyabiza. Zinendawo etshekile okuthi, uma iklanywe kahle njenge-F-shape kanye nezithiyo zemithambeka eyodwa, ingakwazi ukugingqa imoto isuke endaweni yayo ngaphandle kokuyethula phezulu. Lokhu kunciphisa ijubane lemoto futhi kuvimbele ukuthi ingashayisi noma yini enye ngesivinini esikhulu.
Ngokuvamile uzothola izithiyo zikakhonkolo ezindaweni ezivalekile ezinezingozi - njengasemaphethelweni ama-flyovers noma eduze nezindawo zokwakha.
Lapho kunesikhala esiningi, ama-guardrails angenziwa. Ngokungafani nokhonkolo, ama-guardrails anomklamo ohlakaniphe kakhulu. Amareyili abanjwa ngezigxobo ezibekwe emhlabathini. Lapho ishaywa, ama-rails asunduza izigxobo ngaphandle naphansi, esebenzisa inhlabathi njengomcamelo. Umhlabathi ube usumunca amandla e-kinetic, wehlise ijubane lemoto.
Uma ama- guardrail axhunywe kokuthile okuqine kakhudlwana (njengodonga lukakhonkolo), izigxobo eziningi zibekwa eduze kwempahla ukuvimbela insimbi yokugada ukuthi ingadabuki. Ngaphandle kwalokhu okuthunyelwe okwengeziwe, i- guardrail ephukile izovumela izimoto ukuthi zishayeke ngokuqondile ezintweni eziqinile - futhi akekho ofuna lokho.
Okokugcina, unezithiyo zekhebula. Lezi izithiyo ezishibhe kakhulu ezitholakalayo futhi zisebenzisa izintambo ezintathu kuya kwezine ukunciphisa umonakalo obangelwa ukuphahlazeka kwemoto. Izingxabano eziningi zizungeza lezi zithiyo zamakhebula njengoba izinga eliphezulu lokungena kwazo kanye nezindleko eziphansi zizenza zingathandeki kakhulu kunokhonkolo noma izinsimbi zokuqapha.
Kuncike ekutheni umgoqo ungowokuqapha noma ikhebula ehlukahlukene, nakanjani uzothola itheminali ewugxilisa. Lokhu kuphinde kwabona izinguquko zedizayini phakathi neminyaka futhi manje sekuphephe kakhudlwana ukuyishaya, uma uzithola ugoqa ngephutha kokukodwa. Olunye uhlobo lwetheminali luwela emgodleni uma ulushaya mathupha, kanti olunye luzicindezela ngaphansi kwemoto edambisa ukulimala okungaphambili.
Futhi unamakhushini okuphahlazeka, asebenza ngenjongo efanayo kumatheminali kodwa abekwe ngaphambi kwezakhiwo eziqine kakhulu njengezivimbio zikakhonkolo noma amatoll tall. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinhlelo zomhlatshelo njengezithiyo zesihlabathi nama-cushions asebenzisa amasilinda e-polyurethane noma igesi.
Ividiyo yonke kufanele nakanjani ibukwe, njengoba u-Andrew echaza kabanzi mayelana nalezi zinhlelo nokuthi uhulumeni wakho unquma kanjani ukuthi impilo yakho ibaluleke kangakanani uma utshala imali kulezi zithiyo zomgwaqo.
