Njengoba intshisekelo ekuphrinteni okususelwa kubathengi kwe-3D iqhubeka ikhula, abasebenzisi abaningi abasha basazithola besocingweni ngokuthenga empeleni iphrinta ye-desktop ye-3D noma ukusebenzisa noma iyiphi inombolo yezinsizakalo zokuphrinta ze-3D kufaka phakathi amaShapeways, ama-3D Hubs noma enye yamaMakerspaces amaningi endawo ziyaqhubeka nokuvela emiphakathini emhlabeni wonke - futhi ngesizathu esihle.

Ngisho nesikhulu esiphezulu se-Autodesk uCarl Bass - naye uqobo onguMenzi odonsa kanzima lapho engasebenzisi injini ye-Autodesk - ubize ukuphrinta kwe-3D emkhakheni wabathengi "ngokweqile".

“Ngicabanga nje ukuthi kunabantu abaningi kakhulu,” kusho uBass maduzane Ingqungquthela ye-REAL2015 eSan Francisco, "Lapho ungenisa khona [iphrinta ye-3D], inyanga, abantu baphrinta izinto abazilanda kuThingiverse, bese zihlala nje lapho… Ngicabanga ukuthi inani labantu abadinga ukwenza izinto zepulasitiki empeleni lincane impela."

Yize iBass inephuzu elivumelekile, futhi akusho ukuthi ukufinyelela ngezikhathi ezithile kwiphrinta ye-3D kufanele kukhawulelwe. Ngokufana nemishini yokukopisha (efana nezindleko kumaphrinta amaningi we-desktop 3D), umsebenzisi kungenzeka angadingi ukwenza imfoloko ngemali ukuze abe nobuchwepheshe ezandleni zakhe ngaso sonke isikhathi sosuku - uhambo olulula oluya kuFedExKinkos noma i-Staples lungenza nje iqhinga labaningi.

Faka insiza entsha yokuphrinta ye-3D Phrinta Into.

Ungenelisekanga ngezinsizakalo ezikhona zokuphrinta ze-3D ezibandakanya amaShapeways nama-3D Hubs, Phrinta umsunguli we-Thing kanye ne-CEO u-Andy Doucette befuna ukwakha isipiliyoni sokuphrinta esifunekayo se-3D ebesingabizi futhi sisebenziseka kalula kubaqalayo nezinzuzo ngokufanayo abangasiboni isidingo ukuba neyabo iphrinta ye-3D.

Sibe nethuba lokuxoxa noDoucette kabanzi ngensizakalo entsha yokuphrinta ye-3D nokuthi kungani ecabanga ukuba ne-3D printer akudingekile kwabaningi, ukuthi ucabanga ukuthi insiza ingcono kanjani kunezinsizakalo ezikhona okubandakanya amaShapeways nama-3D Hubs - kanye thatha ikusasa eliseduze lokukhiqiza okungeziwe.

I-SS: Sawubona Andy! Izinto zokuqala kuqala - ungubani?

AD: Ngingumsunguli. Akukho engikuthandayo ngaphandle kokuthatha inkinga enzima nokuthola isisombululo esihle esilingana nemvelo kuzo zombili izindlela nokusebenza. Ngifunde i-Electrical Engineering e-University of Minnesota nase-Signal Processing ePurdue University. Ukuqhutshwa Kwesiginali isayensi yokukhipha imininingwane engathathelwa izinyathelo kwimifudlana emikhulu yedatha, ngokwesibonelo ukusakazwa komsindo noma kwevidiyo.

I-SS: Ingemuva lakho likuveze kanjani ekuphrintweni kwe-3D?

AD: Ukuphrinta kwe-3D bekukhona, ngaphansi kwegama elithi Rapid Prototyping, kusukela ngawo-1980, kodwa ulwazi lwami ngalo lwaqala ngonyaka ka-2008. Njengomsunguli ofisayo, bengihlala ngimangazwa amandla amakhulu okudala angavezwa ngalobu buchwepheshe - umbuso, empeleni kutholakale kalula. Inkinga yayiwukuthi amaphrinta e-3D ezentengiso abiza cishe ama- $ 20,000, futhi izinto zokuphrinta ezingavuthiwe zazibiza kakhulu. Into elingana nesibhakela sakho ingabiza amakhulu amadola ukuphrinta usebenzisa lobo buchwepheshe. Lezo zindleko eziphezulu zazinkulu kakhulu njengesithiyo kubantu abaningi, kubandakanya nami.

Ngo-2008, ngazithela phezu kwephrojekthi yeRepRap, umzamo ovulekile wokuklama iRipid Prototyping Machine ekwazi ukuphrinta izingxenye zayo ze-3D. Ingqondo ka-Adrian Bowyer, waseBath University, iphrojekthi yeRepRap yenqabile imodeli yendabuko yezomnotho yokushoda kwamanga, futhi yakha umshini wokuqala okwazi ukuba "nezingane", ngosizo lomuntu ozohlangana. Ama-ramifications ayemakhulu; ukukhula komchazi, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, izindlela zokukhiqiza ezisatshalaliswa, kanye nentando yeningi yabo bonke. Nginqume ukuzakhela eyami iRepRap Darwin futhi ngabutha iqembu labangani ndawonye ukuze sibe nosuku lwe- “RepRap build” (lapho) sahlanganisa ndawonye amabhodi wesifunda ahlukahlukene nezingxenye ezihlanganisiwe ukwakha iphrinta. Kusukela lapho, ngiye ngavuswa amandla we-3D ukuphrinta kufanele kudilize izithiyo eziphakathi komqondo wokuqala neqiniso lawo elingokomzimba.

“Abantu esincintisana nabo bafika ezinambithekweni ezimbili eziyinhloko - 'Amafemu Wokuphrinta Wentengiso' kanye 'ne-3D Yokuphrinta Amakhasi Aphuzi'”.

Amakhulu amadizayini wamaphrinta ezinga lomthengi angama-3d aguqukile kusuka kumklamo oyisisekelo weRepRap, ngamunye ozama ukuba "nguyena" obeka iphrinta ye-3D kuwo wonke amadeskithophu. Imikhiqizo yezentengiselwano eyaziwayo efana neMakerbot empeleni inezimpande zayo zoqobo kuphrojekthi yomthombo ovulekile weRepRap.

I-SS: Yini iPrint a Thing futhi yenzelwe bani?

AD: Ngemuva kokuba ngumnikazi wephrinta eyi-3d eyami, ngazibonela ngawami amandla okuphrinta kwe-3D ukushintsha indlela izimpahla ezikhulelwa futhi zenziwe ngayo. Ngabona nokuthi kungakanani umzamo nobuchwepheshe obudingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe futhi kugcinwe i-3D Printer. Imibhede yokuphrinta idinga ukulinganiswa okungaguquguquki, ama-extruders ayaphuka, futhi ukulinganiswa kokuphrinta kudinga ukulungiswa. Ngiqale ukuphrinta into njengendlela yokunikeza abanye amandla wokuphrinta kwe-3D ngaphandle kokudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphambili, amakhono ezobuchwepheshe, nesikhathi esidinga ukulinganisa nokusebenza komshini wakho.

Phrinta a Thing kwenzelwa umculi, umsunguli, umklami, usomabhizinisi - noma ngubani onombono angathanda ukuthi ube khona.

I-SS: Isevisi iqhathaniswa kanjani nezinye izinsizakalo zokuphrinta ze-3D futhi yehluke kanjani?

AD: KwaPrinta a Thing, sinikezela ngezinsizakalo ezisezingeni eliphakeme zokuphrinta ze-3D ngenani elincanyana lezindleko zabantu esincintisana nabo. Lokhu sikwenza ngokuhlanganisa inethiwekhi yamaphrinta angama-3d angasebenziswanga kahle avela kuwo wonke umhlaba, ngokufanisa ngokucophelela i-oda ngalinye nabahlinzeki abafanele kakhulu. Ukhetha okubalulekile - impahla, umbala, izinga lekhwalithi / intengo tradeoff (iyeza maduze), nokuthi ungathanda ukuthi i-oda lakho lifike (liza maduzane) - futhi senza konke okusemthethweni. Ngokuya ngesikhathi somlando nedatha yekhwalithi yomphakeli ngamunye, silinganisela amathuba okuba izibalo zokuthi umphakeli onikeziwe uzodlula okulindelwe futhi anikeze i-oda lakho kulabo abahlinzeki. Inqubo yokubhida yokuncintisana iqinisekisa ukuthi amanani emakethe ahlala ephansi. Ngemuva kwalokho ungachitha isikhathi esiningi ugxile ekuklameni izinto ozithandayo nesikhathi esincane sokukhathazeka ngokuthola izindlela zokwenza.

Esincintisana nabo bafika ezinambithekweni ezimbili eziyinhloko - "Amafektri Wentengiso Yezentengiselwano" kanye ne "3D Ukuphrinta Amakhasi Aphuzi". Izinkampani zokuphrinta ezentengiselwano zisebenzisa izigidi zamadola ukufaka amafemu amakhulu ngamaphrinta we-3D ezentengiselwano ($ 250,000 lilinye) bese ziqasha abasebenzi abazowaphatha. AmaShapeways ayisibonelo salesi sigaba. Ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu, amafektri wephrinta yezentengiselwano kufanele akhokhise imali ethe xaxa ngokushicilelwa ngakunye ukuze abuyise lokho kutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala. Phrinta i-Thing inekhanda elincane kakhulu ozolikhokha ngoba sisebenzisa amandla akhona akhona kodwa angathintiwe, ngakho-ke singakwazi ukudlulisela leyo mali kumakhasimende.

Ngokuqhathanisa izindleko, ake sicabangele into ebizwa nge-Sparta Knife Stand, ekhethwe ku-thingiverse, indawo yokugcina izinto eziphrintiwe ezi-3d zomsebenzisi:

Into efanayo e-odiwe ngokuthunyelwa kwezinsuku ezimbili ngePrinta a Thing ingu- $ 2. Kule ntengo, into uqobo lwayo ingu- $ 33.11 kuphela, kanti enye imali ekhokhwayo yokusetha iphrinta engu- $ 18.11. Lokho kusho ukuthi uma ufuna owesibili womngani, kungaba $ 15 nje. Uma kuqhathaniswa neShapeways, siyinani lentengo efanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkathi abakwaShapeways bekhangisa ukuthi umkhiqizo wabo "uthunyelwa ezinsukwini eziyisithupha zebhizinisi", iningi lama-oda ethu lifika emnyango wamakhasimende ethu ngaphambi kwalokho.

"Amakhompyutha atholakala yonke indawo, amakhamera ashibhile, kanti ne-inthanethi ivumela ukusatshalaliswa kwemibono ngemali ephansi."

Isigaba somncintiswano wesibili yilokhu engikubiza ngokuthi izinkampani ze- “3D Printing Yellow Pages”. Lezi izinhlangano ezinikeza ukutholakala kohlu lwabantu abanamaphrinta angama-3d emhlabeni jikelele kepha bakushiye kumakhasimende abo ukuze bathole okulungile. Ngokwesipiliyoni sami nalezi zinkampani, kuthathe izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuthi abahlinzeki baphendule imibuzo. Ngisho nangemva kokuthumela imiyalezo emihlanu noma eyisithupha emzuliswaneni wokuqala, ngivame ukugcina imiyalezo ngomzuliswano wesibili wabahlinzeki ngaphambi kokuthola umdlalo omuhle. Ezinye zalezi zinkampani zifuna "isikhathi se-oda lezinsuku ezimbili", kodwa lokho kulinganiswa kusukela EMVA kokuba uthole umphakeli, okungathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa emuva naphambili. Phrinta ama-algorithm wokulinganisa okulindelekile obunikazi we-Thing afanisa ngokuzenzakalela i-oda nabahlinzeki abalungile, okonga ikhasimende isikhathi nemali.

Phrinta i-Thing yiyona ehamba phambili kuwo womabili la mazwe, enikeza ukuthengwa okulula kanye nekhwalithi yesayithi lokuphrinta elingu-3d elinenani elinikezwa ngokufaka amandla okusebenzisa iphrinta ayi-3d akhona.

Okokugcina, sibekwe ngokukhethekile ukunika amandla ukukhiqizwa okusatshalaliswa ngobuningi. Izinkampani noma abantu abaletha umkhiqizo omusha emakethe bangenza amakhulu ambalwa okuqala ngePrint a Thing bese bethola impendulo yomsebenzisi ngaphandle kokutshala amashumi ezinkulungwane zamaRandi ku-tooling molding tooling. Ezigabeni zokuqala zomklamo omusha womkhiqizo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukwenza izinguquko eziqhubekayo kumodeli ekuphenduleni impendulo yomsebenzisi nokuhlolwa. Njengoba kuncane kakhulu ekushintsheni ukwakheka lapho kusetshenziswa ukuphrinta kwe-3D, umklami anga-oda ama-50 emiklamo eminingi encintisanayo futhi abone ukuthi imaphi amakhasimende akhe amthanda kakhulu, bese elungisa isonto kamuva nolunye uhla lwamamodeli. Imiklamo ingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ivumelane ukuze ivumelane kangcono nezidingo zangempela zamakhasimende, kunokuba kube yilezo umklami abezilindele ekuqaleni. Uma ikhasimende lifuna ama-spikes, Phrinta i-Thing ingahlukanisa futhi inqobe, isabalalisa i-oda lezingxenye ezingama-200 kuma-oda angama-20 wezingxenye eziyi-10, ikunikeze okuhamba phambili kuwo womabili la mazwe - izingxenye eziningi ngejubane elilodwa.

I-SS: Ngabe kukhona okunye ongathanda ukwabelana ngakho?

AD: Phrinta insizakalo ye-concierge ye-Thing iyatholakala emphakathini ngenxa yezinkulungwane zamahora wokusebenza yiPrinta iThing Team. Kuthatha umsebenzi omningi ukuguqula umbono webhizinisi libe yisevisi ebukhoma, futhi bengingeke ngikwenze ngedwa. UMat, uDrew, uKevin, uJoe noShirin, ngiyabonga nonke ngokusiza ekwenzeni ukuphrinta kwe-3D kube lula, kutholakale, futhi kufinyeleleke kuwo wonke umuntu!

I-SS: Ucabanga ukuthi ikusasa eliseduze likuphatheleni ukuphrinta kwe-3D?

AD: Ngicabanga umhlaba lapho ukwakheka kwezinto ezibonakalayo kungasayekelwa onjiniyela abasezakhiweni zamahhovisi ezixineneyo, kepha esikhundleni salokho kungokomuntu ngamunye. Abantu emhlabeni wonke badlala umculo besebenzisa ama-midi mixers, babhala amanoveli futhi bazishicilele, bathathe izithombe ngamakhamera abo edijithali, futhi bakhe amakhadi wokubingelela ngokwezifiso online. Lokhu sikwenza ngoba sonke sinesidingo esizalwa naso sokuba nobuciko, futhi kumnandi kakhulu ukwenza uphawu lwethu emhlabeni. Sisebenzisa lezi zixhumanisi ngoba ziyabiza futhi ziyafinyeleleka.

Intengo ilungile. Ijika lokufunda liphansi. Ukukhiqizwa kulula. Yini ozoyidala?

Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe ngokuba umphakeli noma ukuthola ukuphrinta kwakho kwe-3D kwenziwe ngaphandle kokwephula isabelomali, yiya ku Phrinta Into.