Kubunjiniyela bomphakathi, imidwebo ezigabeni ezihlukene idlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni iphrojekthi. Ngaphandle kokusebenza njengeziqondiso ezinembile zonjiniyela nabadwebi bezakhiwo, le midwebo inikeza ulwazi olubalulekile kubabambiqhaza abahlukahlukene. Futhi kusukela esigabeni sokubhida kuye ekupheleni kwephrojekthi, uhlobo ngalunye lomdwebo wobunjiniyela bomphakathi linezidingo ezihlukile. Ukwenza lokhu kucace, lesi sihloko sizocubungula ezinhlotsheni eziyisithupha eziyinhloko zemidwebo yobunjiniyela bomphakathi. Manje ake siphonse phansi futhi siwahlole wonke.
Yini i-Civil Engineering Drawing
Imidwebo yobunjiniyela bomphakathi imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe esetshenziselwa ukudlulisa nokuqopha inhloso yokuklama kumaphrojekthi wobunjiniyela bomphakathi. Ivamise ukudalwa ngesandla noma isofthiwe yokuklama yobunjiniyela, le midwebo iqukethe imidwebo, ukucaciswa, ubukhulu, nezinye izici zephrojekthi. Zizophinde zibonise izakhiwo zezakhiwo, oomakhenika benhlabathi, imiklamo yemigwaqo, amasistimu okukhipha amanzi, nezinye izingxenye zengqalasizinda.
Ngokuya ngesigaba sokwakha kanye nezidingo ezithile, imidwebo yezobunjiniyela bomphakathi ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlelo zesizinda, imidwebo ehlukene, imidwebo yokwakha, imidwebo eyakhiwe, nokunye. Le midwebo ibalulekile ezigabeni ezahlukene zamaphrojekthi. Bangasiza ekubhideni, banikeze ulwazi, balinganise umsebenzi, futhi ekugcineni baqinisekise ukuqedwa kwephrojekthi. Empeleni, imidwebo yedizayini yobunjiniyela bomphakathi ibalulekile futhi iyisiqondiso esinembayo kwinqubo yobunjiniyela.
Uhlobo 1. Imidwebo Yomqondo
Ezigabeni zokuqala zobunjiniyela bomphakathi, imidwebo yomqondo iyadingeka. Kulesi sigaba, imidwebo ngeke ingene ekujuleni kwemininingwane yezobuchwepheshe neyokwakha. Esikhundleni salokho, inhloso yabo eyinhloko ukuxhumana nesiqondiso somklamo jikelele wephrojekthi yobunjiniyela bomphakathi. Ngaleso sikhathi, zisetshenziselwa ukuhlola izimo ezingaba khona zengqalasizinda kanye nokuhlola amandla kanye nezingqinamba zomklamo.
Imidwebo yomqondo ibalulekile esigabeni sokuqala iphrojekthi. Nakuba ziwuhlaka nje, zimelela imiphumela yohlolo olubanzi nokuqonda okufanayo. Uma iphrojekthi ivunyiwe, imidwebo yomqondo izoshintsha ibe imidwebo yedizayini eqondile, eqondisa ukuqaliswa kwangempela.
Uhlobo 2. Izinhlelo Eziyinhloko
Uma imidwebo yomqondo isithole ukuvuma ngekhanda okuhle kuhulumeni, sekuyisikhathi sokulungisa ukucabangela futhi uqale ngomklamo osemthethweni. Kuleli qophelo, imidwebo iba kabanzi. Imidwebo eqondene nephrojekthi yenzelwe i-topography, ukwakheka kwengqalasizinda, ukuhamba kwethrafikhi, nokuningi. Konke lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ama-Master Plans, asondeza ukudidiyela nokuvumelana phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene zephrojekthi.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, ama-Master Plans abalulekile ekuxhumaneni kwephrojekthi nasekuthatheni izinqumo. Bazobuyekezwa futhi bahlolwe ubungozi ngababambe iqhaza namaqembu ezokuphepha. Kalula nje, Izinhlelo Eziyinhloko zisekela ukusimama kwephrojekthi futhi zishiya indawo yokwanda okunengqondo esikhathini esizayo.
Uhlobo 3. Imidwebo Yethenda
Imidwebo yamathenda, elandela eduze ngemuva kwemidwebo yomklamo womqondo, ingeyezigaba zokuqala zokuhlela nokuklama kwephrojekthi. Le midwebo iyingxenye yemibhalo yamathenda futhi ihlanganisa imininingwane yokwenziwa komsebenzi. Ulwazi olufana nomklamo oyisisekelo, izidingo zesakhiwo, ukuhlelwa kokusetshenziswa komhlaba, ukucaciswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, namashejuli wenani konke kuvezwe emidwebeni yamathenda yobunjiniyela bomphakathi.
Okwamanje, inhloso enkulu yemidwebo yamathenda kanye nemibhalo ehlobene ukuheha osonkontileka nokubamema ukuthi babhidisele umsebenzi. Futhi, ngokusekelwe kulezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo, osonkontileka bahlola izidingo zephrojekthi, ububanzi, nemibandela bese behambisa iziphakamiso zabo zebhidi. Uma ithenda isiqediwe, amalungiselelo okwakha angaqala kancane kancane.
Thayipha 4. Imidwebo Yenkontileka
Imidwebo yenkontileka iyingxenye yemibhalo yezobuchwepheshe ecaciswe kwinkontileka yobunjiniyela. Uma inkontileka isayinwa nosonkontileka, onjiniyela bazolungisa imidwebo yamathenda ngokuningiliziwe ngokusekelwe kwisabelomali nezindlela zokwakha. Uma kungekho zinguquko kubhidi kasonkontileka, imidwebo yenkontileka yakamuva ingase ifane nemidwebo yamathenda. Khonamanjalo, ezimeni lapho ezinye iziphakamiso zamukelwe, iziphakamiso ezengeziwe ziyenziwa ngokusebenza nezinhlelo zamathenda.
Imidwebo yenkontileka isungulwa ngokomthetho futhi igcinwa isikhathi eside kuleli phuzu. Zihloselwe ukunikeza usonkontileka isiqondiso esiqondile mayelana nezidingo zokuklama kanye nokuqaliswa kwephrojekthi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga alindelekile ayahlangatshezwana nawo.
Thayipha 5. Imidwebo Yokwakha
Uma kuqhathaniswa nemidwebo yamathenda nemidwebo yenkontileka, imidwebo yokwakha inemininingwane eyengeziwe njengoba imele umklamo wokugcina kanjiniyela wokwakha iphrojekthi. Kumaphrojekthi alula, le midwebo ingase ingathuli imininingwane ebanzi. Kodwa-ke, endabeni yamaphrojekthi amakhulu, imidwebo yokwakha ingadalwa isoftware kanjiniyela wesakhiwo ZWCAD ukunikeza incazelo eningilizayo yemidwebo yethenda nenkontileka.
Ikakhulukazi, izakhi zedizayini emidwebeni yokwakha zimboza imininingwane enemininingwane, ubukhulu, kanye nezidingo zezinto ezibonakalayo zombili izakhiwo nezakhiwo. Baphinde bacacise inani eliqondile nezindawo eziqondile esizeni sokwakha. Ukwengeza, izindlela, izimfuneko ezikhethekile, nokucatshangelwa kokuphepha okuhilelekile ekwakhiweni kuboniswe emidwebeni yokwakha.
Thayipha 6. Imidwebo Eyakhiwe
Imidwebo ye-Civil engineering as-built ikhiqizwa ngemva kokuphothulwa kwephrojekthi, okuhloswe ngayo ukubhala nokubonisa imiphumela yangempela yokwakha. Ivamise ukulungiselelwa ithimba labaklami noma osonkontileka, le midwebo igcizelela imininingwane eyiqiniso yokwakha yokwamukela iphrojekthi yokugcina nezinjongo zokugcinwa kwengobo yomlando.
Imidwebo eyakhiwe ivamise ukukhombisa isimo sangempela sezakhiwo nezakhiwo, izichibiyelo zokwakha, nezinto zokwakha kanye nezinto zokusebenza ezisetshenziswa ngempela. Lolu lwazi lusebenza njengobufakazi bokuthi iphrojekthi ihambisana nomklamo kanye nemininingwane. Okubalulekile, idatha yomlando yemidwebo eyakhiwe ibaluleke kakhulu ekunakekeleni, ukulungisa, nokwandiswa kwesikhathi esizayo kwephrojekthi.
Isiphetho
Manje njengoba usuzazi izindima ezihlukene kanye nokubaluleka kokuqondisa kwemidwebo ezigabeni ezihlukahlukene zobunjiniyela bomphakathi. Ukuqonda okuphelele kuphela kokuma kwale midwebo kungaqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kahle kwephrojekthi. Sethemba ukuthi uhlobo lwemidwebo yobunjiniyela bomphakathi olunikezwe lapha lungaba usizo kuwe.