Ukushaywa kwezinsiza kusebenza kusalokhu kuyindleko enzima ekwakheni ngaphansi komhlaba e-US. Kumisa umsebenzi, kulimaze izikhungo, kuveze abasebenzi ezingozini zegesi kanye nogesi, futhi kungacindezela ingozi ezakhiweni eziseduze. Kubasebenzi bokubhoboza abaqonde ngqo, inkinga ayipheli ngokushaya ucingo lwe-811 olungekho. Ingozi enzima iqala ngemva kokuba ithikithi selikhona: amamaki angaba angaphelele, ukujula kungaziwa, amarekhodi angangqubuzana nezimo zasensimini, futhi ingcindezi yesheduli ingacindezela abasebenzi bangene emgodini ongaboni.
Impendulo yokusebenza icacile: qinisekisa ukuwela ngaphambi kokuba uyibhoboze. Ithimba alikwazi ukulawula yonke imephu endala, ukuphuthelwa kwendawo, noma ukusetshenziswa okulahliwe. Lingalawula ikhwalithi yamathikithi, impendulo enhle, ukuvala imigodi, ukuxhumana phakathi komlandeli nomsebenzisi, igunya lokumisa umsebenzi, ukukhushulwa kwe-SUE, kanye nempendulo ephuthumayo.
Isimo sesiteleka sase-US: ingozi enkulu, ukuthuthuka okubuthakathaka
Izinto zomphakathi ze-Common Ground Alliance ze-DIRT zibika umonakalo oyingqayizivele ongu-196,977 ngo-2024. I-CGA Index yonakele kakhulu kusukela ku-94.0 ngo-2023 kuya ku-96.7 ngo-2024. Izifinyezo zomphakathi ziphinde zikhombe ezokuxhumana kanye negesi yemvelo njengezinhlobo zezikhungo ezilimala kakhulu engxubeni ebikiwe: 49% kanye no-39%, ngokulandelana.
Lokho kuxubana kubalulekile kwi-HDD. Amabhomu amaningi adlula emigwaqweni emikhulu yezokuxhumana, ukuhlangana kwegesi okwabiwe, imigwaqo yamanzi kanye nendle, kanye namalungelo okusebenzisa imigwaqo yasemadolobheni lapho abanikazi abaningi behlangana khona. Kula maphrojekthi, iqembu lochwepheshe lingalandela inqubo yesaziso futhi libhekane nengozi enkulu ekhanda lokushayela.
Ucwaningo luphinde luphawule elinye iphuzu lokucindezeleka: indawo ephuzile nengaphelele. Izinto zakamuva ze-CGA zithi izimpendulo ezingaphelele zishiye abavubukuli bengakwazi ukuqala umsebenzi njengoba kuhleliwe ngo-38% wesikhathi ngokwesilinganiso, ngaphandle komsebenzi ophuthumayo kanye namaphrojekthi esikhathi eside. Isampula yangaphambilini yezifundazwe eziyisikhombisa ifinyelele ku-56%. Kwabakhi be-HDD, izindawo eziphuzile azigcini nje ngokusheshisa umkhiqizo. Zidala nezimo zokuqala ngokungaqinisekile.
Kungani ithikithi elisebenzayo le-811 lingeyona indlela ephelele yokulawula ubungozi
Ithikithi liqala inqubo yokuvimbela umonakalo. Alibonisi indawo eqondile. Alivezi izimpahla ezilahliwe noma ezivaliwe. Alivumelanisi amarekhodi amadala neqiniso lasensimini. Imithetho ye-OSHA kanye ne-PHMSA ibonisa lowo mehluko: umgubhi kumele asebenzise ucingo olulodwa, alinde ukumaka, ahloniphe izimpawu, bese enquma izindawo eziqondile ngezindlela eziphephile nezamukelekayo njengoba umsebenzi usondela ezinsizeni.
Ingqondo efanayo ivela esiqondisweni se-OSHA se-HDD. Abasebenzi akufanele bacabangele ukujula kwamamaki. Kufanele bagobe ekujuleni kwembobo okuhleliwe, baqhathanise ukufundwa kokulandelela nokuhamba kwangaphambi kokusebenza, futhi bayeke ukubhoboza lapho ukufundwa kushintsha ngokungazelelwe.
Imithetho ebeka isisekelo sabasebenzi be-HDD
Imithetho kahulumeni ayishiyi isikhala esiningi senqubo yasensimini ekhululekile. I-OSHA ibeka isisekelo sokumba. I-PHMSA yengeza imisebenzi lapho amapayipi engena endaweni yokusebenza. I-FHWA ne-ASCE zichaza amazinga ekhwalithi osonkontileka abangawasebenzisa lapho indawo evamile yokumaka inganikezi ukuqiniseka okwanele.
Umthetho wesifundazwe ube usushintsha imininingwane yensimu. Qaphela ukuthi amafasitela, isikhathi sokuphila kwamathikithi, ububanzi bendawo yokubekezelelana, izinhlelo zokuphendula okuhle, kanye nezibopho zokukhanya kwelanga ziyahlukahluka. Ithimba elisebenza ezifundazweni eziningana akufanele lithwale umkhuba owodwa wezwe lasekhaya emsebenzini ngamunye. Umthetho ophephile uqine kakhulu kunomthetho oqinile: ungaqalisi kuze kube yilapho wonke umnikazi esephawulile, esulile, noma ephendule ngokusemthethweni, futhi ungahlangani nengxabano kuze kube yilapho iqembu seliyidalulile noma liyikhuphulile.
Yiziphi izehlakalo ezinkulu ze-HDD ezihlala ziphindaphindwa
Uphenyo olusemthethweni kanye nezenzo zokuphoqelela ziphinda iphethini efanayo. Abasebenzi bathatha ukujula. Baphatha upende njengedatha yezinga lokuklama. Abavezi ukuwela. Baqhubeka nokubhoboza ngemva kwento engavamile. Abasabeli kahle ngemva kokushaya kwegesi. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, igesi iyathuthela ezakhiweni eziseduze bese iguqula ingozi yokusetshenziswa ibe yisigameko esibulalayo.
Isifundo esiyinhloko siyasebenza. Ukwehluleka okukhulu kakhulu akuveli esinqumweni esisodwa esibi. Kuvela ezinqumweni ezibuthakathaka ezihlanganisiwe: isethi yophawu olungaphelele, ukungabikho kokuvezwa ngokomzimba, ukujula okucatshangelwayo, ukungabikho kwesizathu sokumisa umsebenzi, kanye nokususwa okulibazisekile.
Imodeli yasensimini: qinisekisa ukuwela ngaphambi kokuba uyithwale
Ukuvimbela ukushaywa kwe-HDD kudinga indlela yokusebenza yokubamba. Induna akufanele ibuze ukuthi abasebenzi bazizwa bekulungele yini. Induna kufanele ibuze ukuthi indawo ngayinye yokubamba inobufakazi yini: ithikithi elivumelekile, impendulo ephelele, amarekhodi alungisiwe, ukuhamba, uhlelo lokukhanya kwelanga, ukujula kwemigodi okuhleliwe, ukuhlolwa kokuxhumana, kanye nohlelo oluphuthumayo.
Izilawuli eziyisishiyagalombili abasebenzi be-HDD abangaziphatha kuyo yonke imisebenzi
1. Qala ngokubuyekezwa kwezinkinga eziphathelene nezinsizakusebenza, hhayi uhlelo olunezimpawu ezidwetshwe ngopende
Uhlelo lwembobo kufanele luqale ngamarekhodi, imidwebo yomnikazi, ubufakazi bomphezulu, kanye namaphuzu aziwayo okungqubuzana. Umsebenzisi kanye nomlandeli kufanele bahambe ngendlela ehleliwe ngaphambi kokubhoboza kanye namamitha okubhala amanothi, imigoqo yokudonsa amanzi, izivalo, izithiyo, kanye nemithombo engaba khona yokuphazamiseka kwendawo.
2. Faka umugqa oqondile emsebenzini ukuze abatholi babone ububanzi bangempela
Ukufakwa kwendwangu emhlophe kunciphisa ukungaqondakali emabhoreni amade aqondile, ama-service drops ahlakazekile, ama-offset pits, kanye nomsebenzi wangaphambili. Indlela, ukungena, ukuphuma, ama-pits, kanye nama-offset kufanele kubonakale ngaphambi kokuba abasebenzi bathumele ithikithi. Ithikithi elingacacile lingaveza isethi yophawu olungacacile.
3. Phatha impendulo enhle njengesango lokuqalisa
Wonke umnikazi owazisiwe kufanele amake, acacise, noma aphendule ngokusemthethweni. Indawo engenalutho engachazeki ayilona uphawu oluluhlaza. Induna kufanele ikwazi ukukhombisa irekhodi elihle lokuphendula ngaphambi kokuba ibhore lomshayeli liqale.
4. Ukukhanya kwasemini kuya ekujuleni kwembobo okuhleliwe
Imbobo kumele iphendule umbuzo olawula imbobo: yini ezodlula ikhanda lembobo eduze kobubanzi obuhleliwe? Ukuveza kuphela ububanzi obulindelekile bokusetshenziswa kungaphuthelwa umugqa ofihliwe ophansi. I-tracker kufanele ibone isiqu sembobo ngesikhathi sembobo yomshayeli kanye ne-back reamer ngesikhathi sokudonswa emuva lapho ukuwela kudala khona ingozi.
5. Yenza ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-opharetha ne-tracker kube yisilawuli esivivinyiwe
Umqhubi kanye nomlandeli badinga imisakazo evivinyiwe, izimpawu zesandla ezicacile, kanye nezisusa zokusebenza ezihlanganyelwe. Umlandeli kufanele aqhathanise ukufundwa okubukhoma nokufundwa okuyisisekelo kusukela ekuhambeni. Uma ukujula okubonakalayo, ikhwalithi yesignali, indlela, noma ukumelana kushintsha ngaphandle kwencazelo, umqhubi uyayeka.
6. Ijubane lokulawula
Ibhore lomshayeli elihamba kancane linikeza i-tracker isikhathi sokufunda ukuphambuka nokusabela. Ingcindezi yokukhiqiza ingacindezela isahlulelo. Iqembu elishesha ngokungaqiniseki livame ukudala indlela yokugadla ngokwayo.
7. Khuphukela e-SUE uma indawo evamile inganele
I-SUE inikeza amaqembu ephrojekthi ileli lekhwalithi. I-QL-D ithembele kumarekhodi kanye nokukhumbula. I-QL-C ihlobanisa amarekhodi nezici ezibonakalayo. I-QL-B isebenzisa i-geophysics engaphezulu ukuze ithole indawo evundlile. I-QL-A isebenzisa ukuvezwa okungabhubhisi ukuze ithole indawo eqondile evundlile kanye nevundlile kanye nezimfanelo. Imizila eminyene, izingxabano zegesi noma zikagesi ezinemiphumela ephezulu, kanye nezimo zensimu ezingavumelani kufanele zibangele i-QL-B noma i-QL-A ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutshekwe nokubhoboza.
8. Yakha impendulo ephuthumayo emsebenzini, hhayi emshinini wokubopha
Ithimba kufanele lazi ukuthi ubani omisa umsebenzi, ngubani ohlanza indawo, ngubani oshayela umnikazi, ngubani oshayela u-911, nokuthi abantu bahlangana kuphi. Izinkomba zegesi ezifana nokuvunguza, uthuli oluphephukayo, izitshalo ezifile, amabhamuza, noma iphunga lesibabule zidinga ukwanda ngokushesha. Ukushaya okuncane kungaba ukuqhuma kwesakhiwo uma ukuphuma endaweni kuhamba kancane noma kungaphelele.
Izinketho zobuchwepheshe: fanisa ithuluzi nengozi
Ulwazi olungcono lwezinsiza luvame ukubiza kancane kunezingxabano, ukubambezeleka, ukuvuselelwa, kanye nomonakalo. Ucwaningo lwe-FHWA olucashunwe embhalweni womthombo luthole ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-SUE kumaphrojekthi angu-71 anenani lokwakha elingaphezu kwe-$1 billion kwakungaphansi kuka-0.5% wezindleko zokwakha eziphelele, kwadala ukonga kokwakha okungaba ngu-1.9%, futhi kwabuyisa isilinganiso esingu-$4.62 ku-$1 ngayinye esetshenzisiwe.
Ukusebenzisa amathuluzi kusabalulekile. Ikhwalithi yokulandelela, ukukhetha umthumeli, isiyalo sokuhamba, kanye nokusekelwa kwensimu konke kuthinta ikhono leqembu lokuqinisekisa indlela. Ngesikhathi sokuhlela imishini, osonkontileka kufanele baqhathanise ukusebenza okujulile, ukuzinza kwesignali, ukuphathwa kokuphazamiseka, ukuseviswa, kanye nokuhambisana nezinqubo zomsebenzi. Isibonelo, amaqembu alinganisa izindinganiso Indawo ye-HDD ye-Underground Magnetics imishini ingaphatha isinqumo semishini njengengxenye eyodwa yesistimu yokuqinisekisa enkulu kunokuthenga okuzimele. 
Izilawuli zangaphambi komsebenzi okufanele zimise isizungu
Uhlu lokuhlola oluqinile kufanele lwenqabe imbobo kuze kube yilapho abasebenzi bekwazi ukukhombisa ubufakazi. Umgomo akuyona amaphepha. Umgomo uwukumisa kancane ngaphambi kokuba ukuvivinya kufinyelele esimweni abasebenzi abangakasiqinisekisi.
Ukuqeqeshwa kanye nezilinganiso ezishintsha ukuziphatha kwensimu
Ukuqeqeshwa kufanele kubonise ukuthi amaqembu angakwazi ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo zasensimini. Ukubuyekezwa kwekilasi kwemithetho engu-811 akubonisi ukuthi umlandeli uzomisa yini isithukuthezi lapho ukufundwa kuhamba. Ukubuyekezwa kwensimu okusebenzayo, okungavamile okulingisiwe, kanye nokubuyekezwa kwenduna kuyakwenza lokho.
Isimiso esifanayo siyasebenza kuma-metric. Ukushaya kuyabaluleka, kodwa kufika sekwephuzile kakhulu. Abakhiqizi kufanele balandelele izinkomba ezihamba phambili: amasethi okuphendula aphelele, ukuwela emini kuya ekujuleni okuhleliwe, amazinga okungafani, amazinga okungafani okumiswa komsebenzi, kanye nekhwalithi yedatha yokuvala.
Izincomo zosonkontileka kanye nabaphathi bephrojekthi
Abakhi benkontileka kufanele basuse ukukhanya kwelanga kanye nokwenyuswa kwe-SUE ngaphandle kokuzikhethela kwensimu bese befaka isitatimende sebhidi, ishejuli, kanye nendlela. Uma inkontileka ivuza izithombe kodwa ingakhokhi isikhathi sokuqinisekisa, inkontileka ifaka ingozi ekhanda lomshini wokubhoboza.
Abaphathi bephrojekthi kufanele bahlole ukuqala kwephrojekthi ngokuphendula okuphelele komnikazi, ukuqondiswa komzila, uhlelo lokukhanya kwelanga, kanye nesinqumo se-SUE esibhaliwe. Kufanele futhi bachaze ukuthi yiziphi izingxabano ezidinga i-QL-B, i-QL-A, ukuklama kabusha, noma ukuhlanganiswa komnikazi ngaphambi kokuba iqembu lihlangane.
Abaholi beqembu kufanele basebenzise imithetho emine engadingi mpikiswano:
- Ungalokothi ucabangele ukujula kopende.
- Ungalokothi weqe ukukhanya kwelanga endaweni ephawulwe noma okusolwa ukuthi iyindawo yokungena ngoba indawo yokungena kufanele ibe ncane kakhulu.
- Ungalokothi uqhubeke ngezinguquko ze-tracker ezingachazeki.
- Ungalokothi uphathe ukukhishwa kwegesi okusolwayo njengomcimbi wokulungisa kuphela.
Abaphathi bemishini kufanele bakhethe amathuluzi okuthola nokulandelela azungeze imodeli yokusebenza. I-transmitter noma i-tracker enamandla isiza kuphela lapho abasebenzi befaka imigqa emhlophe, beqinisekisa impendulo, ukukhanya kungqubuzana, bekhuluma ngokucacile, futhi bema lapho ukufundwa kushintsha.
Imikhawulo yedatha etholakalayo
I-United States ayishicileli uchungechunge olulodwa olugunyaziwe lwezinga lokushaya lwe-HDD kuphela olubonakala ngendlela efanayo nokubalwa komonakalo we-DIRT. Ngakho-ke ucwaningo luhlanganisa izitayela zomphakathi ze-DIRT, ukuphawula kwe-CGA okuqondene ne-HDD, izibalo ze-PHMSA, imibiko yezigameko, isiqondiso se-OSHA, isiqondiso se-FHWA SUE, amazinga e-ASCE, kanye nezinto zikahulumeni ze-811.
Umthetho wesifundazwe nawo uyashintsha. Isithombe sesifundazwe kulesi sihloko sibonisa ukuthi kungani amaqembu kufanele aqinisekise isikhungo esilawulayo se-811, umthetho, imvume, umthetho womnikazi, kanye nolimi lwenkontileka yephrojekthi ngayinye.
Isiphetho sendaba
Abasebenzi be-HDD abadingi esinye isikhumbuzo esijwayelekile sokushayela u-811. Badinga uhlelo lwensimu oluvimba ukubhoboza okungaboni. Uhlelo oluqinile lusebenzisa amathikithi angcono, impendulo ephelele enhle, ukukhanya kwelanga kuya ekujuleni kwebhobo okuhleliwe, isiyalo sokulandelela bukhoma, igunya elicacile lokusebenza, ukukhushulwa kwe-SUE, kanye nempendulo yangempela ephuthumayo. Umthetho osebenzayo ulula: qinisekisa ukuwela ngaphambi kokuthi ubhoboze.
Inothi lomthombo
Lesi sihloko silungiselelwe kusukela kudokhumenti yocwaningo enamathiselwe, ecaphuna izinto zomphakathi ze-CGA DIRT, isiqondiso sokumba i-OSHA kanye ne-HDD, imithetho yomonakalo wokumba i-PHMSA, isiqondiso se-FHWA SUE, izincazelo ze-ASCE 38-22 kanye ne-ASCE 75-22, izinto zekhodi yombala ye-APWA, imibiko yezigameko ze-NTSB, izinto zokuphoqelela i-Washington UTC, kanye nezinsizakusebenza zikahulumeni ezikhethiwe ze-811.
