Ndi Jif, osati Jiffy. Ndi Loony Tunes, osati Looney Toons. Ndi Kit Kat, osati Kit-Kat. Ndipo ngati uli m'modzi mwa omwe akutsimikizira kuti Sinbad adasewera genie, ndikukuuzani: sanatero. Osokonezeka? Mukukumana ndi Zotsatira za Mandela.
Kubadwa kwa Zotsatira za Mandela
Mawu oti Mandela Effect adayamba ndi a Fiona Broome, wodziyimira pawokha wodziyimira pawokha ponena kuti adawona zakufa kwa Nelson Mandela m'ndende mzaka za m'ma 1980 pomwe adakhalako mpaka 2013. Broome adanenanso kuti adawonera nkhani yonena zaimfa ya Mandela komanso mkazi wake akuyankhulapo. Izi mwina sizingakhale phokoso ngati Mandela sanali munthu wodziwika kapena ngati Broome anali yekhayo amene ankati ndi mwambowu, koma mwatsoka… zonse sizinayende choncho.
Mu imodzi mwa mavidiyo ake , Broome adafotokoza momwe adamvera manejala wachitetezo mu Dragon Con ya 2009 akukumbukira zomwezo nthawi imeneyo. Malinga ndi iye, mawu ndi mawu, manejala adati:
"Zokambiranazi zimandikumbutsa anthu omwe amakumbukira kuti Nelson Mandela anamwalira, zaka makumi angapo zapitazo."
Izi zikutsatiridwa ndikuthandizidwa ndi anthu ambiri Broome ndi mkonzi wake atayamba tsamba lawebusayiti kuti apeze anthu ena akukhulupirira kukumbukira uku. Ndipo adapeza matani a iwo.
Tangoganizirani anthu ambiri akuthandiza chikhulupiriro cha Broome chakuti munthu wodziwika bwino wamwalira kale kuposa iye. Gulu la anthu. Chigawo cha anthu. Mitu yosawerengeka yokhulupirira chochitika china chomwe chidachitika pomwe sichinachitike.
Chifukwa chake, talingalirani izi ndipo lolani kuti zilowemo. Kodi ndizotheka kuti zidachitikadi mwanjira ina yofananira yathuyi? Kodi ndi glitch m'dongosolo lenileni? Kapena amangokhala malingaliro athu akusewera nafe?
Zotsatira za Mandela: Kuwonetsera Kwachilengedwe Chofanana
Izi zodabwitsazi zimapitilizabe kutidabwitsa m'miyoyo yathu ya tsiku ndi tsiku komanso m'zinthu wamba. Kuphatikiza pa zodziwika komanso zovuta pamawu akumwalira kwa Nelson Mandela mu 1980, palinso milandu ina yodziwika bwino yomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira. Amalimbikitsanso kukayika ndi mafunso okhudza zenizeni.
Kuchokera pa chipatso cha chimanga cha Loom chomwe sichipezeka mpaka kalembedwe ka Berenstain Bears mpaka imfa ya Neil Armstrong yomwe idayiwalika mu 2012, padakali milandu ingapo pomwe anthu akuwoneka kuti akukhulupirira zenizeni. Komabe, kodi ndizotheka kuti mtundu wina wa zenizeni ulipo? Kunena zowona, kodi ndizotheka kuti chilengedwe chofananira chikhalepo? Kodi ndi yankho kumbuyo kwa zomwe Mandela adachita?
Ngati tikungofuna kulongosola bwino za zomwe a Mandela adachita posunga sayansi kuti itithandizire, lingaliro lachilengedwe lingakhale yankho labwino.
Pa mbali iyi ya chiphunzitso cha zakuthambo cha kusiyanasiyana, akatswiri azamatsenga amakhulupirira kuti palinso chilengedwe chonse kupatula chomwe timadziwa, kapena kupatula chomwe tikukumana nacho. Malinga ndi chiphunzitsochi, zochitika zina ndi zinthu zina zimakhalapo mkati mwachilengedwe, ndikuti zotsatira za Mandela mwanjira inayake zimayambitsidwa ndi glitch pakati pa chilengedwe. Pansi pa lingaliro ili, tili ndi mtundu wathu womwe wokhala miyoyo yawo. Makope athu omwe amapanga zisankho zawo ndikusangalala ndi mtundu wina wa zenizeni. Chifukwa chake, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukonza chiwembu cha a theorists amafunikira.
Komabe, Dr. Don Lincoln, katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo waku America, akutsutsa izi mu kanema wake ndipo amatcha kuti "zopusa" komanso "si zoona." Malinga ndi Dr. Lincoln, zomwe okhulupirira mibadwo yosiyanasiyana amanena kuti pakhala kusuntha pakati pa mlengalenga wofanana sizingatheke.
Malinga ndi iye, ndizosatheka kuti tikumbukire mwatsatanetsatane zomwe tidapeza kuchokera ku chilengedwe china (ngati ndizowona) popeza kukumbukira kumasungidwa muubongo wathupi lathu.
Amapitilizanso poyankha zonena za anthu ena kuti thupi lanu litha kunyamulidwira kudziko lina. Dr. Lincoln anangoyankha mwamwayi kuti kusoweka osawona kuti kuli "kuyandikira kwenikweni kwa zigawenga."
Ndiye, kodi tili ndi malo ati ngati lingaliro lazosiyanasiyana limalephera? Malingaliro amisala ndi yankho.
Malingaliro Amunthu Ovuta
Zomwe Mandela adachita zakopa chidwi cha omwe amapanga ziwembu komanso akatswiri ena, ambiri aiwo amakhala akatswiri amisala. Komabe, ngakhale nthawiyo isanakhazikitsidwe, panali panali maphunziro ena okhudzana ndi lingaliro lomwe kale linali "zikumbukiro zabodza."
Mwachitsanzo, m'maphunziro awiri omwe a Elizabeth Loftus ndi a John Palmer adachita mu 1974, adasanthula momwe chilankhulo chingakhudzire kukula kwa zikumbukiro zabodza.
Kafukufuku woyamba adazindikira kuti mawu kapena digiri ya mawu omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito pamafunso angakhudze momwe munthuyo akuyankhira. Kumbali inayi, kafukufuku wachiwiri adatsimikizira kuti kufunsa kwa funso kumatha kukakamiza anthu kuti azilingalira zomwe adanyalanyaza kale, zomwe zimabweretsa kusokonekera kwa kukumbukira kukumbukira kwa munthu.
Loftus watsimikiziranso mu kafukufuku wake kuti mukapereka uthenga wabodza kwa anthu, nthawi zina anthu amautenga ngati gawo la zokumbukira zawo ndipo amaukhulupirira. Komanso, malinga ndi iye, mphamvu ya malingaliro yomwe ingatsimikizire anthu za uthenga wolakwika imatsimikizira kuti kukumbukira kwa anthu kumatha kusinthidwa.
Ndi izi, madotolo ndi ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti zomwe zimachitika ndi a Mandela zimayambitsidwa makamaka ndi chisokonezo. Mwanjira yosavuta, chochitikacho chimapangitsa kuti ubongo upange zatsopano kuti zikwaniritse mipata yomwe timakumbukira yomwe ubongo wathu sungakumbukire. Chifukwa chake, popanda cholinga cha munthu, chikumbumtima chabodza chimayamba ndipo malingaliro amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zabodza zomwe zikupezeka pano.
Komabe, kodi ndizothekadi kuti gulu lalikulu la anthu likhale ndi zikumbukiro zabodza zomwezo? Malinga ndi akatswiri, banja kapena gulu la anthu likakhala ndi chidziwitso chofananira ndikulimbikitsa chidziwitso chabodza, mapangidwe ndikugawana zokumbukira zabodza zitha kuchitika.
Izi zikuwonekera pakati pa anthu omwe amakumbukira mwatsatanetsatane makanema omwe adawonera. Tengani Chete cha Mwanawankhosa monga chitsanzo. Anthu amakhulupirira kuti munthu wodziwika bwino Hannibal Lecter adatchulapo mzere wotchuka "Moni, Clarice" momveka bwino. Komabe, ngakhale mutawonera kanemayo kangati, mzerewu kulibe.
Zomwezi zikuchitikanso kwa anthu omwe amati kanema yotchedwa Shazam ilipo pomwe pamakhala wosewera Sinbad yemwe amasewera genie. Komabe, kachiwiri, sizowona. Akatswiri akuti uku ndikusakanizika kwa kukumbukira kwa Shaquille O'Neal mu kanema Kazaam ndipo, inde, ndizowona kuti adasewera pano. Koma kodi ndi ziti zomwe zitha kulimbikitsidwa pano zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukumbukira zabodzazi? Sinbad adawonetsedwa m'mafilimu ena a VHS m'ma 1990 ndipo m'modzi mwa iwo akuti adawonetsa Kazaam. Lingaliro ili, monga akatswiri amakhulupirira, lidalimbikitsa malingaliro a omwe amawawona.
Mfundo Yofunika: Zomwe Zili Zenizeni ndi Zomwe Sizili
Lingaliro la kusiyanasiyana, ngakhale silinatsimikizidwe, limatipatsa malongosoledwe opanga omwe amasangalatsa malingaliro athu. Izi zimatikakamiza kulingalira za kuthekera kodabwitsa m'chilengedwe. Pali okhulupirira ambiri ndi omwe amatsatira chiphunzitsochi komanso malingaliro ena ambiri achiwembu okhudzana ndi chikhulupiriro ichi. Ndipo ngati izi zingatsimikizidwe mtsogolomo, lingaliro la chilengedwe chofananira silingotsimikizire zonena zakukula kwapadera kwa zotsatira za Mandela pansi pa fizikiki ya quantum; iperekanso kumveka kwa mafunso ena okhudza kukhalako kwa munthu.
Kukumbukira zabodza, kumbali inayo, pakadali pano kumatipatsa zina zomwe gulu lathu lingazindikire bwino komanso kosavuta kutengera zomwe timakhulupirira kuti ndizowona: mayeso ndi zolemba za momwe malingaliro amunthu amakhalira. Akatswiri ofufuzawa amatithandiza kuti timvetsetse momwe munthu amasinthira malingaliro ndi chidziwitso m'njira yovuta kwambiri.
Komabe, mbali iliyonse yomwe muli, pali mfundo imodzi ndikukhulupirira kuti tonse tivomereza: dziko lapansi ndi lovuta monga malingaliro amunthu. Zodabwitsa kwambiri.
