Chinthu cholumikizidwa chingawoneke ngati chatha kale kwambiri uinjiniya wozungulira icho usanamalizidwe. Chitsanzocho chimakhala chokhazikika, deta imafika mumtambo, pulogalamuyo ikuwonetsa mitengo yoyenera, ndipo gulu loyamba la zida lili kale m'manja mwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Pamenepo, backend ikhoza kukhalabe yosavuta kotero kuti gululo limadziwa pafupifupi chipangizo chilichonse payekhapayekha. Kupereka kumatha kuchitidwa ndi script, kusintha kwa kasinthidwe kumatha kupangidwa pamanja, ndipo ngati china chake chalephera, injiniya nthawi zambiri amatha kutsatira vutoli mwachindunji.
Kenako iyenera kuyamba kukhala m'dziko lenileni. Kusintha kwachiwiri kwa zida kumawonekera. Makasitomala ena akugwiritsabe ntchito kusintha koyamba. Mabaibulo a firmware ayamba kusiyana. Kasinthidwe katsopano kakufunika kwa kasitomala wosiyana kapena msika, pomwe zida zakale zimafunikirabe zosintha ndi chithandizo.
Palibe chomwe chimawonongeka kwenikweni. Mapulogalamu omwe ali kumbuyo kwa chipangizochi angoyamba kugwira ntchito yokha.
Kusintha kumeneko n'kosavuta kuphonya chifukwa chitsanzocho chingapitirize kugwira ntchito bwino. Koma mitundu yambiri ya chinthu chomwecho ikagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi, kumbuyo sikungokhala maziko a zida zokha. Imakhala gawo la kapangidwe ka chinthucho.
Chitsanzo chogwira ntchito cholumikizidwa sichingakhale chinthu chosinthika
Chitsanzo cha prototype chili ndi ntchito yofunika: kutsimikizira kuti dongosololi likugwira ntchito kuyambira kumapeto mpaka kumapeto. Chipangizochi chimagwira ntchito yake yayikulu, firmware imalumikizana ndi backend, telemetry imafika komwe iyenera, imalamula kuti ibwerere, ndipo mawonekedwe a pafoni kapena pa intaneti amawonetsa magwiridwe antchito kwa wogwiritsa ntchito.
Chomwe nthawi zambiri sichinatsimikizire ndi momwe dongosolo lomwelo limagwirira ntchito bwino mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Zipangizo makumi awiri zoyambirira zitha kugwiritsa ntchito firmware yomweyo, kumangidwa motsatira kusinthidwa kwa hardware komweko, ndikukonzedwa ndi mainjiniya omwewo. Pa nthawi imeneyo, kulembetsa pamanja, kusintha kwa kasinthidwe mwachindunji, kapena script yaying'ono yolowera kungakhale koyenera. Kupanga zida zopangira zinthu zisanatsimikizike kungakhale koyambirira.
Kukula kumasintha vutoli. Zipangizo zimakhalabe pa intaneti, zimasinthidwa, zimayendetsa firmware yosiyana, ndipo zimafuna makonzedwe osiyanasiyana a makasitomala. Thandizo liyenera kusiyanitsa chipangizo chomwe sichinakonzedwe bwino ndi chomwe sichinakonzedwe bwino kapena chomwe sichingapezeke mosavuta.
Ngongole yoyambirira nthawi zambiri imayamba motere: osati ndi chisankho choipa, koma ndi chakanthawi chomwe chimatsalira pambuyo poti chinthucho chayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndipo chimodzi mwa zinthu zoyamba zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusinthaku kuwonekere ndi hardware yokha. Kusintha kwatsopano sikungosintha yakale; kuyenera kukhala nayo nthawi imodzi.
Kusintha kulikonse kwa hardware kumabweretsa vuto la pulogalamu yonse
Kusintha kwatsopano kwa zida sikumabwera kawirikawiri ngati njira yosinthira yakale. M'malo mwake, mitundu yonse iwiri imakhalabe m'munda, nthawi zina kwa zaka zambiri. Onjezani gulu losinthira, nthambi zingapo za firmware, ndi makonzedwe apadera a makasitomala, ndipo gulu la zida limakhala losiyana kwambiri kuposa momwe chitsanzo choyambirira cha malonda chimasonyezera.
Gawo la mapulogalamu silingathenso kuona chipangizo chilichonse ngati "chipangizo" chongoganizira chabe. Liyenera kudziwa zomwe chipangizocho chingathe kuchita.
Bolodi yosinthidwa ingagwiritse ntchito sensa yosiyana, gawo lolumikizirana, kapena chowongolera. Lamulo lomwe limagwira ntchito pa mtundu waposachedwa silingathandizidwe ndi lakale. Ma mtengo owerengera amatha kusintha. Malire osinthira amatha kusuntha. Phukusi la firmware loyenera m'badwo wina lingakhale losatetezeka kwa lina.
Akatswiri opanga zinthu zakuthupi amagwira ntchito kale motere. Zigawo ziwiri zomwe zimawoneka zofanana sizingasinthidwe ngati zosintha zawo, kulekerera, kapena zofunikira zimasiyana. Zinthu zogwirizana zimabweretsa vuto lomwelo kumbali ya mapulogalamu: nsanjayo imafuna njira yodalirika yomvetsetsera mtundu wa chinthu chenicheni chomwe ikulankhula nacho komanso malamulo omwe amagwira ntchito pa icho.
Taganizirani za chinthu chomwe kusinthidwa kwake koyamba kumagwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi yowerengera pomwe chachiwiri chikuwonetsa sensa yatsopano ndi magawo osiyanasiyana. Kwa kasitomala, mayunitsi onsewa akhoza kukhalabe chinthu chomwecho. Pa nsanja, sangakhale choncho.
Ngati kusiyana kumeneku sikunawonetsedwe momveka bwino, nthawi zambiri kumaonekera mu logic ya mapulogalamu ngati milandu yapadera. Ntchito imodzi imayang'ana kuchuluka kwa manambala a serial. Ina imagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa firmware ngati proxy popanga zida. Gawo lachitatu lili ndi chosiyana chomwe chawonjezeredwa pambuyo poti chithandizo chapeza gulu lakale likuchita mosiyana m'munda. Palibe chilichonse mwa izi chomwe chimawoneka chowopsa chokha, koma pamodzi zimapangitsa kuti kusintha kulikonse kwamtsogolo kukhale kovuta kuganizira.
Zipangizo zakale sizimasowa nthawi zonse pa nthawi yake. Magulu azinthu mwachibadwa amayang'ana kwambiri pa zosintha zatsopano, pomwe makasitomala nthawi zambiri amasunga mitundu yakale kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe amayembekezera. Chifukwa chake nsanjayi iyenera kuthandizira mibadwo ingapo nthawi imodzi m'malo moganiza kuti maziko omwe adayikidwa adzagwirizana pamlingo umodzi wamakono.
Izi zikachitika, kusintha kwa zida zamagetsi ndi kasamalidwe ka mapulogalamu kumakhala kosatha. Nsanjayo iyenera kudziwa osati komwe chipangizo chili komanso ngati chili pa intaneti, komanso chomwe chili, chomwe chingayendetsedwe, momwe chiyenera kukhazikitsidwira, komanso kusintha komwe kuli kotetezeka kugwiritsa ntchito.
Ndipo mafunso aliwonse asanayambe kuyankhidwa moyenera, chipangizo chilichonse chiyenera kulowa mu dongosololi m'njira yokhazikika.
Kupereka zinthu ndi komwe uinjiniya wamanja umaletsa kukula
Kukonza zinthu kumawoneka kosavuta pamene gulu la anthu lili laling'ono: pangani zolemba za chipangizo, lowetsani nambala ya seri, pangani ziyeneretso, perekani chipangizocho kwa kasitomala, sinthani, ndikupitilira. Kwa zipangizo zingapo, kugwiritsa ntchito zina mwa izi pamanja kungakhale chisankho choyenera.
Komabe, pamlingo wopanga, kupereka zinthu kumakhala pakati pa kudziwika kwa chipangizo, ziyeneretso, umwini, kasinthidwe, ndi momwe moyo wake ulili. Cholakwika chomwe chingachitike panthawi yokhazikitsa chipangizocho chingakhudze momwe chipangizocho chimagwirira ntchito komanso momwe chimathandizira nthawi yayitali chikachoka ku fakitale.
Spreadsheet siingafanane ndi zomwe zayikidwadi. Chipangizo cholowa m'malo chimafuna mgwirizano woyenera wa makasitomala popanda kulandira umwini wolakwika. Kubwezeretsa kwa fakitale kumapanga njira ina kudzera mu ndondomekoyi. Wokhazikitsa akhoza kupatsa chipangizo ku akaunti yolakwika, kusiya chithandizo kuti adziwe ngati sichili pa intaneti, sichinakonzedwe bwino, kapena kungoyendetsa zinthu molakwika.
Akayankha mafunso amenewo nthawi zonse amafunika kuti wopanga mapulogalamu ayang'ane database kapena ayendetse script yamkati, njirayi imasiya kukulitsa ndi chinthucho.
Kubwerezabwereza ndi chizindikiro china cha chenjezo. Mtundu uliwonse wa chinthu umayamba kupeza script yakeyake yolowera, chida chosinthira, kapena njira yokhazikitsira. Kusiyana kumeneko kungawoneke kochepa, koma udindo wofunikira ndi womwewo. Kupereka zinthu kwakhala njira yogwiritsidwanso ntchito papulatifomu m'malo mokhala ntchito yokhazikitsa yolumikizidwa ndi chipangizo china.
Ndipo nthawi zambiri si luso lokhalo lomwe limafunika kugwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Gawo la nsanja liyenera kukhala logwiritsidwanso ntchito
Zinthu zingapo kapena zosintha za hardware zikangofanana ndi zosowa zoyambira, mapulogalamu ena amasiya kukhala okhudzana ndi chinthucho. Kudziwika kwa chipangizo, kupereka, kulumikizana, telemetry, kutumiza kwa firmware, momwe moyo umakhalira, kuwoneka kwa magalimoto, ndi kuzindikira ndi zitsanzo zabwino. Kuzikonzanso pa mtundu uliwonse watsopano kumapanga ma code ambiri komanso njira zambiri zogwirira ntchito popanda kupanga chinthucho kukhala chosiyana kwambiri.
Magulu nthawi zambiri safuna kupanga izi. Kusiyana pang'ono kumasonkhana pa chinthu chilichonse mpaka gululo litasunga machitidwe angapo a zomwe zakhala udindo womwewo wa uinjiniya.
Malire oyera ndi kulekanitsa gawo la malonda ndi gawo la nsanja. Gawo la malonda lili ndi machitidwe, ntchito, ma interface, ma integrations, ndi domain logic zomwe zimapangitsa chipangizo china kukhala chamtengo wapatali. Gawo la nsanja limagwira ntchito zomwe ziyenera kukhalabe zofanana ngakhale zida zikusintha.
Pamene zinthu zolumikizidwa zikupita patsogolo kuposa kutulutsidwa koyamba, kupereka zipangizo, kasamalidwe ka moyo wa chipangizo, kasamalidwe ka magalimoto, ndi zida zothandizira zimakhala zomangamanga zogawana m'malo mwa tsatanetsatane wa polojekiti imodzi. IoT PaaS ya makampani ikhoza kupereka gawo logwiritsidwanso ntchito pa nsanja zosiyanasiyana kapena mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu, kusamalira kasamalidwe ka chipangizo ndi deta yokhazikika kudzera m'magawo omangira omwe amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pomwe magulu opanga mainjiniya amasunga khama lawo lokhazikika pa zida, ntchito, ndi zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito.
Maziko ofanana ayenerabe kusiya malo a kusiyana kwenikweni kwa zinthu. Chipangizo chatsopano chingafunike mtundu wosiyana wa deta, kayendedwe ka kasinthidwe, kuphatikiza, kapena njira yowongolera, ndipo kusiyana kumeneko kuyenera kukhala kosavuta kuyambitsa. Cholinga ndikungopewa kupangitsa kusiyana kulikonse kukokera pa registry ina ya chipangizo, pipeline ya telemetry, njira yoperekera, kapena zida zoyendetsera magalimoto.
Nsanjayi ingawoneke ngati yokwera mtengo pamene gulu likumanga chinthu choyamba ndipo ngati chuma chachiwiri kapena chachitatu. Njira yogwirira ntchito ikangoyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito, mtundu watsopano ukhoza kulandira maziko ogwirira ntchito m'malo mofika ndi backend ina yomwe gululo lidzayenera kusunga kwa moyo wonse wa chinthucho.
Sungani mainjiniya opangidwa mwamakonda pamalo pomwe zinthuzo zili zosiyana kwenikweni
Pulatifomu yogwiritsidwanso ntchito siyenera kupangitsa zinthu zolumikizidwa kukhala zachibadwa. Ntchito yake ndikuchotsa uinjiniya wobwerezabwereza kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe sizipanga kusiyana.
Kuyesetsa kwapadera kumafunikabe mu machitidwe a chipangizo, malingaliro a domain, momwe ntchito ikuyendera, zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akumana nazo, kuphatikiza kwapadera, komanso momwe chinthu china chimagwirira ntchito ndi dziko lapansi. Izi ndi madera omwe zisankho zaukadaulo zingapangitse chinthu chimodzi kukhala chabwino kuposa china.
Chomwe sichiyenera kuchitiridwa chimodzimodzi ndi mapaipi ozungulira. Mtundu woyambira ndi mtundu wa mafakitale wa makina omwewo ungafunike masensa osiyanasiyana, zowongolera, ndi ma interfaces, koma sayenera kufunikira njira zosiyana zodziwira zipangizo, kutsatira mitundu ya firmware, kapena kuyang'anira gulu lankhondo.
Ndingakonde kuona mainjiniya akuthera nthawi imeneyo akukonza momwe chinthucho chimagwirira ntchito m'munda kusiyana ndi kumanganso makina omwe gululo lili nawo kale pa chinthu china. Maziko ogwirizana sachepetsa mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopangidwa mwamakonda; amateteza khama limenelo kuti lisagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi zomangamanga.
Mayeso enieni amabwera pamene gulu likuyamba ntchito nambala yachiwiri.
Nsanja yabwino imapangitsa kuti chinthu chotsatira chikhale chosavuta kuposa choyamba
Ngati chinthu chachiwiri chikufuna ntchito yofanana ndi chinthu chachiwiri, ndiye kuti palibe chomwe chagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Mtundu watsopano uyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zolowa m'malo mwa magawo a mtundu wogwirira ntchito omwe sanasinthe: njira zoperekera zinthu, kudziwika, makina a moyo, zida za fleet, njira za firmware, mawonekedwe othandizira, ndi kuphatikizana kofanana. Kuyesetsa kwa uinjiniya kumapita ku kusiyana - mwina phukusi latsopano la sensor, njira ina yoyendetsera ntchito, kapena kuphatikiza kwa kasitomala - m'malo momanganso maziko.
Kupanga kwatsopano kwa zida zamagetsi kumaika lingaliro lomwelo pansi pa kupsinjika kwakukulu. Mphamvu zake zitha kusintha kwambiri pamene zida zakale zikugwirabe ntchito m'munda. Pulatifomu yokhwima imatha kuthandizira zonse ziwiri popanda kukakamiza gululo kuti lisunge mindandanda iwiri yosiyana ya nsanja zomwe makasitomala amawonabe ngati banja limodzi lazinthu.
Palibe chilichonse mwa izi chomwe chimafuna backend imodzi yokha. Zogulitsa zosiyanasiyana zingafunikebe malire omveka bwino a zomangamanga. Chofunika ndi kupewa kuyikanso ntchito ina ya uinjiniya popanda chifukwa chomveka.
Pamenepo ndiye kuti nsanjayo imakhala chuma m'malo mokhala ndi ndalama zambiri zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa. Thandizo lili ndi zida zochepa zofanana zoti lizimvetse, kutulutsa kumatsatira njira zokhazikika, ndipo kuwonjezera chinthu china kumakhala chowonjezera cholamulidwa m'malo mwa backend ina yomwe kampaniyo imalandira kwamuyaya.
Chitani nsanjayi ngati gawo la kapangidwe ka zinthu
Zinthu zakuthupi zimapangidwa ndi malingaliro okonzanso, kuthekera kogwira ntchito, kuthekera kopanga, ndi kusintha kwamtsogolo. Zinthu zogwirizana zimafunikira njira yofanana kumbali ya mapulogalamu.
Choyambira choyamba chingakhale chakanthawi kochepa. Chimodzimodzinso ndi script yoyamba yoperekera kapena chida chothandizira. Palibe cholakwika ndi zimenezo. Mavuto amayamba pamene makina akanthawiwo amakhala okhazikika pomwe chinthucho chikupitirizabe kusintha.
Pofika nthawi imeneyo, chinthu cholumikizidwacho sichilinso hardware, firmware, ndi pulogalamu yokha. Zimatengeranso zomangamanga zomwe zimazindikira chipangizo chilichonse, kumvetsetsa mphamvu zake, kugwiritsa ntchito makonzedwe oyenera, kuthandizira zosintha, komanso kuthandiza magulu kuzindikira mavuto patatha zaka zambiri kuchokera pamene chidatumizidwa.
Gawo limenelo likawonedwa ngati kapangidwe ka zinthu, kugawikako kumakhala komveka bwino: njira zokhazikika zimakhala zogwiritsidwanso ntchito, pomwe ntchito yapadera imapita ku zomwe zimasiyanitsa mtundu umodzi wa chinthu kapena gulu lina la zinthu.
Pulatifomu yamphamvu kwambiri si yomwe imapangitsa kuti chinthu choyamba cholumikizidwa chitheke. Ndi yomwe imalola gulu la mainjiniya kupanga chachiwiri, chachitatu, ndi chachinayi popanda kulandira backend yatsopano nthawi iliyonse.
